How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Research Paper

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Nationally - Research Paper Example Crime is on the rise and it can occur in places like schools, colleges, areas of businesses, public places or even right in the middle of the street. No one is safe from this menace and by no one, it certainly means, not even the Presidents of the countries. We have lively examples of Ronald Reagan, the US President, who was attacked by a gun man but remained safe and another example of President Pervez Musharraf, the former President of Pakistan, who was attacked by suicide bombers while he was marching his way towards his home in Karachi, Pakistan. Crime and criminals patrol at all hours of day and night. Their mission is to inculcate a sense of fear among the people with their unethical acts. They use knives and sometimes hand guns to disrupt the flow of society in acts of theft, robbery and murder. On the other hand, to show their supremacy over the authorities, acts of terrorism are put together by the terrorists to create havoc in the news bulletins across the world. (Larry J S iegel, 2009) But the question that clicks everyone's mind is what is done to cure this world from such acts committed by mercenaries and of narrow mindedness? One aspect of criminal investigation brings us to the widely known concept of forensic science. It is a sort of science that uses scientific techniques to cater and analyze physical evidence in criminal cases. The concept revolves around the crime scene investigation team who collects evidences from the crime scene and sends it to the forensic laboratories for analysis by the forensic examiners. (Howard Silverstone, 2007) Current challenges With ever growing nature of the forensic workers, their challenges have doubled since the past decade. Now the expectations have risen sky high and the authorities just don't want the forensic examiners to work hard in resolving an issue but now they also want from them agility and accuracy. With the increase in terrorist acts, the authorities want an increase in the efficiency of the foren sic results. In order to counter terrorism, any evidence ranging from a DNA test of a person to foot prints, from a pencil located at the crime scene to a chewing gum cover, every single object can lead the forensic scientists to glory. Every country in the world has realized that they are not invincible or untouchable. In the past couple of decades events like the attacks on the world trade centre in New York, the Murrah building in Oklahoma city, the bombing of flight 103 in Scotland, the 24/7 attacks in London and with many more on going terrorist attacks throughout the world have certainly put a strong challenge to the forensic authorities to work hard and fight crime and criminals. The importance of the findings from the forensic people is also very crucial because if the scientific evidence carries a false sense of significance, then it could lead to misleading results. They have to be very watchful in their working methods to avoid any incompetence. It is also very important for the forensic laboratories and for the people working in it to be independent in their thoughts, they shouldn't be biased towards anyone and furthermore their findings will be much more meaningful if the federal authorities and any of the senior ranked personnel’s do not interfere in their work to show their mind set and favoritism towards a certain party. Best practices Forensic science is a discreet witness to every criminal activity. No perpetrator can get away with his crime due to the diverse practices subsets of it. Forensic ballistics is one amongst the best current practices in Counterterrorism. This study involves analyzing the bullets, firearms and other

A full e-marketing report (including a plan for future activities) for Essay - 3

A full e-marketing report (including a plan for future activities) for The in thing - Essay Example The business is organized as a strategic business unit, one such strategic business unit is serving the households (being a Business to Customer business), while the other strategic business unit is acting as a distributor to other retailers and specialty stores (Business to Business). Both the business units differentiate themselves from their competitors through a very efficient order delivery system. To augment this are feature of the business are services like: informing retailers about the most in demand toy brand, allowing them to make advance order with charging them, not even in the case of cancellation of booking. Both the business units are organized in a way that allows them to be nimble and flexible in this volatile and uncertain marketplace. This marketing plan is being developed to increase the company’s customer base through analyzing the current discrepancies in the e-marketing mix of the company and suggesting the tools based on the assumption that they would be apt for this form of the business. Not only are the suggestions focused on adding new marking tools in the mix but also are aimed at removing redundant and obsolete market channels for the mix. The aim is to utilize every ounce of a marketing channels potential. Utilization in this context depends upon the number of customers the website is able to attract and more importantly retain. Retention is actually the real objective as it would lead to the creation of brand equity and brand loyalty. In this plan the company has been recommended to outsource its in-house website development and maintenance function, and focus on its core competencies. The company for which this marketing plan is being made is â€Å"The in Thing†. This business was founded in the year 2007, and is a private enterprise. The company operates in Accrington, Lancashire, United Kingdom with 25 employees. It has a strategic business unit by the name of â€Å"I want I want†, this business unit

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Research Paper

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Nationally - Research Paper Example Crime is on the rise and it can occur in places like schools, colleges, areas of businesses, public places or even right in the middle of the street. No one is safe from this menace and by no one, it certainly means, not even the Presidents of the countries. We have lively examples of Ronald Reagan, the US President, who was attacked by a gun man but remained safe and another example of President Pervez Musharraf, the former President of Pakistan, who was attacked by suicide bombers while he was marching his way towards his home in Karachi, Pakistan. Crime and criminals patrol at all hours of day and night. Their mission is to inculcate a sense of fear among the people with their unethical acts. They use knives and sometimes hand guns to disrupt the flow of society in acts of theft, robbery and murder. On the other hand, to show their supremacy over the authorities, acts of terrorism are put together by the terrorists to create havoc in the news bulletins across the world. (Larry J S iegel, 2009) But the question that clicks everyone's mind is what is done to cure this world from such acts committed by mercenaries and of narrow mindedness? One aspect of criminal investigation brings us to the widely known concept of forensic science. It is a sort of science that uses scientific techniques to cater and analyze physical evidence in criminal cases. The concept revolves around the crime scene investigation team who collects evidences from the crime scene and sends it to the forensic laboratories for analysis by the forensic examiners. (Howard Silverstone, 2007) Current challenges With ever growing nature of the forensic workers, their challenges have doubled since the past decade. Now the expectations have risen sky high and the authorities just don't want the forensic examiners to work hard in resolving an issue but now they also want from them agility and accuracy. With the increase in terrorist acts, the authorities want an increase in the efficiency of the foren sic results. In order to counter terrorism, any evidence ranging from a DNA test of a person to foot prints, from a pencil located at the crime scene to a chewing gum cover, every single object can lead the forensic scientists to glory. Every country in the world has realized that they are not invincible or untouchable. In the past couple of decades events like the attacks on the world trade centre in New York, the Murrah building in Oklahoma city, the bombing of flight 103 in Scotland, the 24/7 attacks in London and with many more on going terrorist attacks throughout the world have certainly put a strong challenge to the forensic authorities to work hard and fight crime and criminals. The importance of the findings from the forensic people is also very crucial because if the scientific evidence carries a false sense of significance, then it could lead to misleading results. They have to be very watchful in their working methods to avoid any incompetence. It is also very important for the forensic laboratories and for the people working in it to be independent in their thoughts, they shouldn't be biased towards anyone and furthermore their findings will be much more meaningful if the federal authorities and any of the senior ranked personnel’s do not interfere in their work to show their mind set and favoritism towards a certain party. Best practices Forensic science is a discreet witness to every criminal activity. No perpetrator can get away with his crime due to the diverse practices subsets of it. Forensic ballistics is one amongst the best current practices in Counterterrorism. This study involves analyzing the bullets, firearms and other

Milgram's Experiments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Milgram's Experiments - Essay Example After World War II, in the Nuremberg War Crimes trials, a common defense of those accused of these crimes against humanity was "obedience.". The prevalence of this justification is what prompted Stanley Milgram to perform his experiments. Milgram's experiments focused on the conflict between obedience to authority and a person's conscience. Milgram recruited participants through newspaper advertisements calling for anyone interested in getting paid for participating in an experiment supposedly intending to determine the effect of punishment on learning. The participant (the subject) is introduced to a stern-looking experimenter in a white coat and to a second 'participant' that the subject understands was recruited in the same way that he was. This second participant, who is pleasant and friendly to the subject, is actually an accomplice of the experimenter. Under the directions of the experimenter the subject, given the role of "teacher", is made to inflict electric shocks of increasing power for every mistake that the other "participant" (the "learner") makes in answering some questions. The experimenter and the teacher are in the same room while the learner is in an adjoining room. 65% of the teachers obeyed all orders and went to the maximum of 450 volts administered to the learner, even though most of the subjects were extremely uncomfortable in delivering the punishment. None of the subjects stopped "punishing" before reaching 300 volts.

Present and future of glaxosmithkline pakistan

Present and future of glaxosmithkline pakistan We have a challenging and inspiring mission: to improve the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. This mission gives us the purpose to develop innovative medicines and products that help millions of people around the world. We are one of the few pharmaceutical companies researching both medicines and vaccines for the World Health Organizations three priority diseases HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and are very proud to have developed some of the leading global medicines in these fields. Headquartered in the UK and with operations based in the US, we are one of the industry leaders, with an estimated seven per cent of the worlds pharmaceutical market. But being a leader brings responsibility. This means that we care about the impact that we have on the people and places touched by our mission to improve health around the world. It also means that we must help developing countries where debilitating disease affects millions of people and access to life-changing medicines and vaccines is a problem. To meet this challenge, we are committed to providing discounted medicines where they are needed the most. As a company with a firm foundation in science, we have a flair for research and a track record of turning that research into powerful, marketable drugs. Every hour we spend more than  £300,000 (US$562,000) to find new medicines. We produce medicines that treat major disease areas such as asthma, virus control, infections, mental health, diabetes and digestive conditions. In addition, we are a leader in the important area of vaccines and are developing new treatments for cancer. KEY FACTS ABOUT GSK Every second We distribute more than 35 doses of vaccine Every minute More than 1,100 prescriptions are written for GSK products Every hour We spend more than  £300,000 (US$562,000) to find new medicines Every day More than 200 million people around the world use a GSK brand toothbrush or toothpaste Every year Our factories produce 9 billion Tums tablets, 6 billion Panadol tablets and 600 million tubes of toothpaste PAKISTAN OVERVIEW GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan Limited was created on January 1st 2002 through the merger of SmithKline and French of Pakistan Limited, Beecham Pakistan (Private) Limited and Glaxo Wellcome (Pakistan) Limited- standing today as the largest pharmaceutical company in Pakistan As a leading international pharmaceutical company we make a real difference to global healthcare and specifically to the developing world. We believe this is both an ethical imperative and key to business success. Companies that respond sensitively and with commitment by changing their business practices to address such challenges will be the leaders of the future. GSK Pakistan operates mainly in two industry segments: Pharmaceuticals (prescription drugs and vaccines) and consumer healthcare (over-the-counter- medicines, oral care and nutritional care). GSK leads the industry in value, volume and prescription market shares. We are proud of our consistency and stability in sales, profits and growth. Some of our key brands include Augmentin, Panadol, Seretide, Betnovate, Zantac and Calpol in medicine and renowned consumer healthcare brands include Horlicks, Aquafresh, Macleans and ENO. In addition, GSK is deeply involved with our communities and undertake various Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives including working with the National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) for whom we were one of the largest corporate donors. We consider it our responsibility to nurture the environment we operate in and persevere to extend our support to our community in every possible way. GSK participates in year round charitable activities which include organizing medical camps, supporting welfare organizations and donating to/sponsoring various developmental concerns and hospitals. Furthermore, GSK maintains strong partnerships with non-government organizations such as Concern for Children, which is also extremely involved in the design, implementation and replication of models for the sustainable development of children with specific emphasis on primary healthcare and education. GSK PAKISTAN UK (HQ) CEO M. SALMAN TECHNICAL DIRECTOR DR. MUZAFFAR IQBAL DIRECTOR MEDICAL SERVICES DR. ATIF MIRZA DIRECTOR MARKETING AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTMS. ERUM DIRECTOR FINANCE, IT, AND LOGISTICS DR. JAWED HEAD OF HR AND OD MS. FARIHA DIRECTOR SALES MR. PERVAIZ, MR. MAQBOOL DIRECTOR LEGAL AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS MR. SHAHID MUSTAFA QURESHI HEAD OF QUALITY MR. Z.U KHAN HEAD OF PROCUREMENT MR. HAJI MUHAMMAD HANIF DOTTED LINE REPORTING: Quality Assurance, procurement and HR reports to technical director Muzaffar Iqbal. SOLID LINE REPORTING: Quality Assurance, procurement and HR reports to UK. MERGER AND ACQUISITIONS OF GLAXO COMPANY: In 1957 Glaxo started working in Pakistan.than in 1996 glaxo merged with Wellcome and became GlaxoWellcome.in year 2002 Wellcome acquired SmithKline French and beecham and company became GlaxoSmithKline.2 months back GSK has acquired the branded generics business of Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) in Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Libya and Yemen and also acquired Sirtris pharmaceuticals. PRODUCTS Leading products: à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Augmentin  Ã‚     Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Amoxil à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Panadol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Ventolin à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Ampiclox   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Betnovate à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Calpol  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Zantac à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Septran Vaccines include: à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Engerix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Typherix à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Infanrix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Mencevax à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Fluarix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Havrix à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Varilrix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Hiberix à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Tritanrix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Priorix Tooth pastes include: Mcleans Sensodyne STAKEHOLDERS OF GSK: A stakeholder is best defined as a person, group or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives, and policies The major stakeholders include: Employees Communities Shareholders Investors Government Suppliers Labor Unions Government regulatory Agencies Industry Trade Groups NGOs Prospective employees Prospective customers Local communities Public (Community) Competitors The relationship they have with a wide range of other organizations is an important part of their business. GSK has a number of policies and initiatives that enable us to work effectively with these stakeholders. STAKEHOLDER CONFLICTS: GSK do not face conflicts with stakeholder but there are two operating units where conflicts usually arises they are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Commercial unit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global manufacturing and supply Commercial unit includes sales and marketing whereas global manufacturing and supply includes engineering department and quality assurance. Sales department frequently demands more supply from the manufacturing department which is main problem between the two heads because often the demand is much higher while the employees are less. So at that time often the conflicts occur. Commercial unit is the one who directly faces the customers both the departments have to report separate heads. EVALUATION OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: At GSK employee performance is evaluated at the end of the year. They develop a plan known as performance and development plan (PDP) in which each employee sets two objectives: Hard core objectives Soft core objectives Hard core objectives are the targets that the employee has to achieve till the end of the year. Soft core objectives are based on the 12 high performance behaviors. Outstanding achievements of employees in any of 12 High Performance Behaviors underpin the continual success as individuals and collectively as an organization.   High Performance Behaviors Information Search Creating Business Solutions Flexible Thinking Influence Building Confidence Communication Building Relationships Teamwork Developing People Enable Drive Change Continuous Improvement Customer Focus GSK Spirit provides employees with an opportunity to recognize or be recognized for outstanding achievement where Top Achievers can receive significant monetary awards for both individual and team achievements. For each role, in addition to relevant experience and qualifications, GSKA is looking for employees that can demonstrate the attributes of our High Performance Behaviors. Innovative Thinking Information search Creating business solutions Flexible thinking Collectively describes how to collect and share relevant information which helps GSK people to form new ideas and create innovative options whilst taking into account the complexity of the context in which we operate. It maximizes the chances of creating and sustaining increased performance for GSK. Achieving Excellence Enable and drive change Continuous improvement Customer focus Describes the ways in which continuously improved performance by keeping focused on ways of achieving GSKs goals and delighting the customers. This ability to deliver performance levels beyond expectations distinguishes us from competitors. Leading People Influence Building confidence Communication Describes how engaging and inspiring others to embrace the ideas by communicating effectively. It results in generation of shared and collective belief in GSKs future success. Engaging and developing others Building relationships Team work Developing people   Describes ways in which GSK can develop open, trusting and collaborative relationships with a diverse mix of people both across and outside GSK, and ensure that these relationships develop collective capability to perform better. Through engaging each other and truly working together we will grow and enrich GSKs potential. After developing the objectives each employee discusses it with the manager and after agreeing the plan is signed by the manager and the employee. Midyear review of the plan is also done to check whether the plan is going on the track. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: Rewards Recognition GSKs remuneration and reward programs are competitive with some of the best companies within and across our industry. Superior performance is recognized with both financial and non-financial rewards. Thanking people for a job well done is central to GSKs culture. Performance and reward GSK reward systems support high performance and help to attract and retain the best people. Performance-based pay and bonuses, share rewards and share options align employee interests with business targets. Compensation Benefits GSKA adopts a Total Compensation and Benefits approach in the design of its salary packaging model. This aim to provide: Optimum flexibility Choice; and Targeted incentive programs to provide us with the best opportunity to attract and retaining world class employees.   Bonus Plans are an integral component of the GlaxoSmithKline Total Compensation and Benefits Philosophy. A Long Term Incentive Scheme is offered to Senior Managers.   Employees are able to participate in the GlaxoSmithKline Australia Employee Share Plan on reaching the eligibility criteria. Employee Assistance Program GSK values the well being of its employees and, as a result, has made available an Employee Assistance Program to enhance well being, both personally and in the workplace. The Employee Assistance Program provides professional assistance and counseling for any work related or personal problems. The service is fully confidential and free of charge to employees and their immediate families.   Professional Development GSK recognizes that our people determine the success of the business and we are committed to developing this precious resource. Whatever your role, you will be supported through our Performance Development Planning process in your efforts to enhance your core capability, performance and ability. You will be assisted to achieve both your short and long term career goals through GSKA talent management initiatives. Training Development In order to reinforce the Performance Development Planning process GSK offers employees the opportunity to participate in a range of external and internal development courses as well as offering support for further Tertiary Education. Leadership Development Program   GSK Leaders set the tone for employees experience of GSK as being a place where they are truly valued. GSKA Leaders ensure the organizations business strategy and people practices are aligned with the GSK Mission, Strategic Intent and Spirit. This is achieved through the consistent application of our 12 High Performance Behaviors. Furthermore, a suite of high performance leadership development programs, including Foundations of Leadership has been developed to support all people management roles at GSK and will be linked to the recruitment and succession planning of future leaders. Talent Review The Talent Review process is a component of the GSK Performance Development Planning Program. It is one of GSKs Talent Management initiatives and consists of a series of workshops where GSK Leaders come together as a team to review and discuss their employees performance, development and career aspirations. CHALLENGES FACED BY GSK: The environment in which the Consumer Healthcare business operates has become ever more challenging: consumers are demanding better quality, better value and improved performance retailers have consolidated and globalised which has strengthened their negotiation power Cycle times for innovation have reduced. The pharmaceutical industry is experiencing a time of unprecedented challenge. Patent expiries, regulatory issues and increased pressures from healthcare providers have combined to create an environment where pharmaceutical sector is associated with lower growth and higher risk. KEY CHALLENGES The patents on many medicines that have driven sales growth in our industry over the past decade are coming to an end. These medicines may not be replaced by products of equivalent financial size. In addition, there are increasing pressures on pharmaceutical companies to deliver products with demonstrable benefits over current treatments. No longer do we merely have to discover and develop products that help people do more, feel better and live longer. We now have to justify that our products represent the greatest value for healthcare providers. At the same time, the pharmaceutical sector has been exposed to controversy regarding ethical and patient safety issues. As an industry, we are in danger of eroding what trust we already have when we actually need to be building stronger relationships with governments, regulators and the general public. These factors have combined to move the industry from one which was expected to deliver high growth at low risk, to the very opposite. These challenges are being tackled through three key strategic priorities that will transform GSK into a company that delivers more growth, less risk and an improved financial performance. Three strategic priorities In 2008, the following three strategic priorities were established: Grow a diversified global business Deliver more products of value Simplify the operating model These priorities will enable the organization to navigate the coming years successfully and retain the leading-edge position as a company able to meet patients and healthcare providers needs into the future. GROW A DIVERSIFIED GLOBAL BUSINESS GSK is reducing risk by broadening and balancing the portfolio, diversifying into new product areas that show potential, while also fully capturing opportunities for products across all geographic boundaries. Specifically, to generate future sales growth by strengthening core pharmaceuticals business and supplementing it with increased investment in growth areas such as vaccines, biopharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare. GSK is also seeking to unlock the geographic potential of the businesses, particularly in emerging markets and Japan. PLANS Drive growth in the pharmaceutical business in the core markets Deliver ambitious vaccines forecast Fulfill the potential of emerging markets Expand business Grow the Consumer Healthcare business DELIVER MORE PRODUCTS OF VALUE We are striving to build one of the strongest pipelines in the industry. We are transforming RD to ensure that we not only deliver the current pipeline but are also able to sustain a flow of new products for years to come. As we move towards a more diversified business we will concentrate on developing a higher volume of mid-size products for more clearly-defined patient populations. This will help develop a lower risk portfolio which is not dependent on the performance of one or two large products. Positive steps have already been taken, with 30 late-stage assets currently in our pharmaceuticals and vaccines pipeline. Our objective is to sustain this throughput of products over the long-term. PLANS Focus on the best science Diversify through externalization Re-personalize RD Focus on return on investment SIMPLIFY THE OPERATING MODEL GSK is a complex organization. We recognize that we need to simplify our operating model further, changing the way we work, removing unnecessary processes and structures which slow us down and distract us from our mission. Our global restructuring programme is a vital catalyst of our strategy. We believe it will radically change our business model giving us the capability to support a more diverse, growing business that is also expected to be more profitable in the long-term. PLANS Evolve the commercial model Re-shape manufacturing Streamline processes Reduce working capital For GSK brand pull is already present in the market as it is the #1 pharmaceutical company in the world. It is a most preferred company in terms of prescription by doctors and more than 1,100 prescriptions are written for GSK products every minute.GSK is preferred by doctors only because of their quality standards. GSK has a good quality management system. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY: GSK is considered as one of the most active player in the corporate social responsibility. Some of the societal activities conducted by GSK are as follows Partnering with the National Commission for Human Development for Primary Healthcare Extension: GSK Pakistan has provided a grant of  £144,000 sterling (Rs.12.96 million) to the NCHD Primary Healthcare Extension Program making GSK the largest corporate donor to this cause. The purpose of this grant is to contribute at the grass root level towards healthcare improvement of the Pakistani people. The great thing about the primary healthcare extension program is that it will be implemented in the areas generally recognized as difficult to access, hence often neglected due to harsh terrain, high levels of illiteracy and confined social setups. Concern For Children Trust (CFC) The Concern For Children Trust (CFC) is a non profit, non government trust established in 1997. Their mission is to promote the health and welfare of the Children of Pakistan, paying special attention to preventive and primary healthcare, education, infrastructure, maintenance and support and to create general awareness about various child healthcare issues. The Trust is partially self-sustainable in that, its operational costs are covered by a Trust Fund. SmithKlineFrench to SmithKline and French of Pakistan Limited donated the initial seed money and now GSK Pakistan continues to be the major donor. International Programme for HIV Education Positive Action Programme It is estimated that more than 36 million adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS with approximately 15,000 more people being infected each day. Globally, more than 21 million people have died from AIDS, resulting in 13.2 million orphaned children. Positive Action is GSKs international programme of HIV education, care and community support. In this, GSK works in partnership with individuals, community groups, healthcare providers, international agencies and others to encourage HIV prevention as well as education, care and treatment of people living with, or affected by HIV/AIDS. Since its inception in 1992, positive action supported and implemented a wide variety of projects at both national and international levels throughout the world. EARTHQUAKE RELIEF: In this time of need and despair, GSK Pakistan was very quick to respond to the calamity affected areas with Rs. 20 million worth of antibiotics, analgesics and topical anti-bacterial supplies, delivered within 24 hours of the disaster having struck. Carefully selected emergency treatment packages were developed by the Crisis Management Team established, and a donation of up to 350,000 doses of Hepatitis A vaccine was given to health authorities to cope with the arising health concerns in the wake of the earthquake. This was all delivered within 24 hours of the disaster due to the urgent medical need. PROGRAMMES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENCOURAGE ACTIVE EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT: GSK encourages employees to become involved with deserving causes in their local communities around the globe.   GSK support their time and dedication with various internal programmes and opportunities to encourage active employee involvement. The PULSE Volunteer Partnership Programme is the newest corporate responsibility initiative. Starting in 2009, PULSE will empower GSKs high-performing employees to volunteer using their professional expertise, lasting for a period of three to six months. A PULSE volunteer will work full-time with one of our partner non-governmental organizations (NGO) to make a significant impact in impoverished communities around the world. With their skills and knowledge, PULSE volunteers will work to build positive, sustainable change within the NGOs programming and service delivery in developed and developing countries ORANGE Day, introduced globally in January 2009, has enabled thousands of employees to make a significant difference through engaging with their local community. Give as You Earn (GAYE), is a payroll giving scheme where an employee or pensioner can donate to any charitable organization in the UK, straight from their pay. APPROACH TOWARD SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: PROACTIVE APPROACH: GSK has a proactive approach towards social responsibility. Managers at GSK actively participate and engage themselves in different social activities which include awareness regarding diseases, PULSE campaign, malaria, AIDS etc. ABOUT GSKs CORPORATE ETHICS AND COMPLIANCE PROGRAMME GSKs Corporate Ethics and Compliance Programme were established by the Board of Directors to support GSKs commitment to high standards of ethical conduct. The programme is under the direction of the Corporate Ethics and Compliance Officer, who reports to the Chief Executive Officer. Through the programme the Corporate Ethics and Compliance staff provides oversight and guidance to ensure compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and company policies, and to foster a positive, ethical work environment for all employees. GSKs Code of Conduct is the foundation for all the company policies. It sets out the fundamental principles that the company values and that employees should apply in their daily work. Supporting the Code of Conduct policy is a range of corporate policies providing specific guidance in areas such as competition law, marketing practices, non-discrimination, share dealing, and conflicts of interest. GSKs employee guide to business conduct highlights the Code of Conduct, core compliance policies and provides guidance to employees. It is the responsibility of each employee to implement the code and follow the employee guide to sustain the trust and confidence of all GSK stakeholders. The six pages of code of conduct document clearly define the Purpose, scope, responsibilities, policies and communication of issues to all GSK employees. The policy covers the following function in GSK. Audit, Compliance, Quality Communications Govt. External Affairs Finance Global Procurement HR IT Legal Manufacturing Supply Marketing, Sales Support Medical Research / Development Supervisors Management Purpose The purpose of this document is to state GSKs Policy on the fundamental standards to be followed by GSK Staff in their everyday actions on behalf of the Company and to promote honest, legal and ethical conduct. Details relating to specific actions will be provided in the GSK Standards of Conduct. Scope This policy applies to all GSK Staff (includes employees, complementary workers, students and interns) world-wide, within all sectors, regions, areas and functions. GSK Staff must ensure this policy is followed by any contractors or other third-parties whom they engage. FORCES FROM SPECIFIC GENERAL ENVIRONMENT: SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT COMPETITORS: GSK faces huge competition in Pakistan. It has many competitors that are affecting the sales if GSK. Competitors include Pfizer Johnson Johnson Bayer Abbott Novartis Competition from generic products generally occurs as patents in major markets expire. We believe that remaining competitive is dependent upon the discovery and development of new products, together with effective marketing of existing products. Within the pharmaceutical industry, the introduction of new products and processes by our competitors may affect pricing or result in changing patterns of product use. There is no assurance that products will not become outmoded, notwithstanding patent or trademark protection. In addition, increased government and other pressures for physicians and patients to use generic pharmaceuticals, rather than brand-name medicines, may increase competition for products that are no longer protected by patent. CUSTOMERS: The main customers of any pharmaceutical are the doctors. The brand name of GSK is so reliable that most of the doctors prefer only the GSKs product. GSK continuously spent money on RD so to satisfy the customers need. SUPPLIERS DISTRIBUTORS: Worldwide GSK buy goods and services from around 90,000 suppliers. Our supply chain is complex: it ranges from strategic relationships with suppliers that manufacture active pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates, raw materials and packaging for GSK medicines to contracts for goods and services such as office equipment, cleaning and security. The Primary supply sites supply high quality, competitively priced bulk actives and focus on improvements in primary technologies and processes. GSK does not own any of the suppliers or distributors. New product and global supply sites work closely with RDs development teams to ensure that the right technical competencies are in place to support rapid and successful new product GOVERNMENT: As such GSK dont face any issues with the government because they have their code of ethics which GSK strictly follows. GSK also play part in the welfare of society and avoid any of the illegal acts that can affect the GSKs reputation. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT: In general environment technological forces affect the GSK in the sense that new technologies are coming which are resulting in the new methods of producing the products. But GSK due to its huge business easily replace old technology with the new one for making the product in the much better way than the previous methods. FUNCTIONS AND DEPARMENTS AT GSK: The main functions and departments at GSK are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Production à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Engineering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmental health and safety (EHS) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Operational excellence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supply chain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Finance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Human resource à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Procurement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Quality assurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supply chain CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS CUSTOMER VALUE FASTER LOWER COST BETTER LEAN SIGMA INPUTSCULTURE AT GSK: CULTURE AND VALUES GSKs  mission  is to improve the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. GSK place great emphasis not only on what we achieve, but also on how we deliver our achievements. Integrity and transparency are critical in our decision making and underpin everything that we do. GSKs  culture is summed up in the  Spirit of GSK  that defines the  values  we expect all our employees to embrace: Respect for People Patient Focused Transparency Integrity GSKs  values  are pivotal to the way they operate and employees are people with high integrity who make good, honest decisions with patients in mind. GSKs  mission  and  spirit  help employees deal with new challenges and maintain a clear focus. CORE COMPETENCY OF GSK: The core competency of GSK is their consumer health care, consumer health standard their quality standard. These factors give the core The sources of GSK are due to their huge efforts in R D to bring continuous innovations in the products. Our scientists are working hard to discover new ways of treating and preventing diseases. Our success depends on a vibrant and productive RD function. To this end, we have established an innovative RD structure that encourages creativity and facilitates the accelerated discovery and development of new medicines and hence gaining the competitive advantage. We also build collaborations and links with other research groups, biotechnology companies and academic institutions to help develop transformative scientific concepts. SOURCES OF CORE COMPETENCY: Sources of core c

Article Of Confederation Essay -- essays research papers

Government under the Articles of confederation could not deal effectively with many issues that arose during the 1780’s. Despite it’s many weaknesses, the new government accomplished a great deal. The western lands became the prize and treasure of the new government. Since the Articles of Confederation could only request financial support form the states instead of demanding taxes, these western lands replaced taxes. The so called “public domain'; or unsettled land were larger than all the established states put together. Therefore, by selling the land, the weak new government received money that it couldn’t find in any other way. Instead of using this vast area like the European did with the thirteen colonies we made an “Empire for Liberty.'; The Empire was built by adding new states. This was an extremely unique idea among people during the time. The charting of the vast western public domain was one way the government under the Articles of Confederati on was praiseworthy. It was the greatest single achievement in domestic policy for the Confederation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under the Articles of Confederation each state was given the power to regulate their own currency. Each state issued it’s own money. As a result nobody knew exactly how much a New York dollar was worth compared to a one from New Jersey or Virginia. The more money there was in circulation, the less a dollar was worth. Finally, there was j...

The Beauty of Dulce et Decorum est Essay -- Dulce et Decorum Est Essay

The Beauty of Dulce et Decorum est    Owen's terrific use of diction brings the poem Dulce et Decorum Est to life. Vivid imagery is prevalent all throughout the poem. His tone is of depression, lack of hope and of course sadness and it reveals his message without writing pages of verse. He accomplishes his message very quickly in the poem, and makes the reader feel like they are actually experiencing what the narrator is going through. Through vivid imagery and compelling metaphors, the poem gives the reader the exact feeling the author wanted. The poem "Dulce et Decorum Est," an anti-war poem by Wilfred Owen, makes great use of various poetic skills. This poem is very effective because of its excellent manipulation of the mechanical and emotional parts of poetry. Owen's use of exact diction and vivid figurative language emphasizes his point, showing that war is terrible and devastating. Furthermore, the utilization of extremely graphic imagery adds even more to his argument. Through the effective use of all three of these tools, this poem conveys a strong meaning and persuasive argument. The poem's use of excellent diction helps to more clearly define what the author is saying. Words like "guttering", "choking", and "drowning" not only show how the man is suffering, but that he is in terrible pain that no human being should endure. Other words like writhing and froth-corrupted say precisely how the man is being tormented. Moreover, the phrase "blood shod" shows how the troops have been on their feet for days, never resting. Also, the fact that the gassed man was "flung" into the wagon reveals the urgency and occupation with fighting. The only thing they ca... ...orum est pro partria mori" means: "It is sweet and becoming to die for one's country." Owen calls this a lie by using good diction, vivid comparisons, and graphic images to have the reader feel disgusted at what war is capable of.he tries to tell us that war is an ugly, brutal and nightmarish business, and not a glorious affair that society seems to beilieve. Most will not have seen the war of Owen's experience. But through his vivid words, his gruesome portrayal we know that we do not wish to .Poetry does not have to be pretty, however some poets do not seem to realize this fact. The language chosen in many poems about grisly subjects flows beautifully and elegantly from the page, leaving one feeling less pain about the subject matter of the poem than one really should. What is so beautiful about this poem is its ability to move the reader.