BIO refining

Over the last 35 years Presidents have promised to make sure that America would not have a future energy problem. Yet concern for oil and energy has also grown over the decades as the economies for both the united States and other countries have expanded. On April 28, 2010 in Macon, Missouri, President Obama gave a short speech at the POET BIO refining plant where he talked about the subjects of foreign oil dependency. The environmental costs of relying fossil fuels, and clean and alternative energies.Not o mention al the new Jobs that he believes will be created by following his energy security plan. Obama was honest in talking about how moving forward clean energy is a long-term plan that could take decades to come to fruition. In searching the University Library I did not discover any articles that openly opposed investing In alternative energies. Even though I was hoping to find at least one that was strongly opposed to Investing In clean energy to use as an opposing viewpoint. I have become somewhat of a conservationist.I am a strong supporter of recycling, and reducing what ends up in the landfills. I believe that we do need to invest in renewable energy, and that changes do need to be made to protect the environment and reduce global warming. In the end more drilling is only a temporary solution to reducing America's dependency on foreign OLL regardless of what country the OLL comes from. I was Door In ten Mont AT January, wanly makes me a Capricorn. I nouns I ah not put much faith in astrology I do find that I possess many of the Capricorn traits.I have often been labeled as being negative, but I defend myself as being a realist. My biggest peril is locking myself into Just one way of thinking. While writing this essay about drilling for more oil I found it to be a much more complex issue. There are some extremist organizations like Greenback (mm. ‘. Greenback. Org) that would have all the oil exploration immediately halted. While I understand the ir viewpoint, I do not often approve of their methods.

A Love After God’s Own Heart Essay

What is the foundation of Christianity? If the question being discussed is whether something is ideally Christian, then the motivation behind Christianity must be understood. The basic outline of Christianity is simple. Man exists in a fallen and depraved state. Christ died on the cross to conquer death and atone for all humanity. Those who acknowledge their need for a Savior and place their faith in this gift, shall have eternal life. That leads to the logical question of why. Why should Christ sacrifice himself for such undeserving people? Therein is found that basis, that motivation behind Christianity. Love. The Bible says, â€Å"For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.† (NASB Jn. 3.16). Love is the heart of Christianity. God sent his Son to pay the ultimate cost for sinners because He loves them so much. Indeed, all truly Christian actions are committed out of out of love. Christ said while he was on the earth, â€Å"By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.† (NASB Jn. 13.35) Christianity starts and ends with love. Love is the root of Christianity and it is also the outward manifestation of Christ in a life. God is love. Therefore, though Silas Marner is at first estranged from both God and man, the Christ-mirroring love he bestows upon Eppie is a clear reflection of God’s own nature and is ideally Christian. George Eliot’s Silas Marner details the life of a solitary linen weaver. Silas Marner lives a life of seclusion in the town of Raveloe for 15 years while dealing with deeply inflicted emotional wounds. He loses his faith in God and his fellow man. Marner’s lone refuge is the coins he earns. He treasures them not for their monetary value, but for their companionship. Meanwhile, there is an alternate storyline of Godfrey and Dunsey Cass; sons of a wealthy landowner. The latter is a slobbering drunk while the other is well thought of. However, the former has a secret wife and child, and the knowledge of this allows the drunk to blackmail his elder brother. One day the drunk chances upon the empty house of the linen weaver. He discovers the coins and steals them. When Silas Marner discovers his loss, he elicits the help of the villagers. They search extensively for the coins, but to no avail. No one knows who has taken the coins, but Godfrey is delighted by Dunsey’s absence. On New Year’s Eve, the Cass family throws a large party and Godfrey attempts to woo the respected Nancy Lammeter. Meanwhile, Godfrey’s wife tries to bring their child to the Cass home and proclaim Godfrey’s secret to the world. However, being under the influence of opium, she falls asleep on the snowy ground. The child wanders into the nearby house of Silas Marner. When Marner finds the child and eventually the mother, he rushes to the Cass house for the doctor. The woman is found to be dead and as no father comes forth for the child, Marner claims it as his own. He names the child Eppie and does his best to raise her. He is often given motherly advice by his friend Mrs. Winthrop. Sixteen years go by and Eppie is now 18. Godfrey is married to Nancy. Godfrey regrets not claiming Eppie and decides it is time for her to come live with them. He tells Silas and Eppie the truth and asks Eppie if she wants to come live with him and his wife. Eppie declines, saying Silas is the only father she has known. Later, while a pit is being drained near Silas’ house, the body of Dunsey is discovered and with it Silas’ money, which is returned to him. Silas uses the money to return to his old home for closure on his past wounds, but the entire place is gone. When Silas returns, Eppie gets married to Mrs. Winthrop’s son and the story concludes with Eppie and her husband living happily with Silas. The child Eppie does not have a father, so Silas Marner adopts her as his own. Eppie quite literally wanders into Silas’ life and though she should not have to be his responsibility, he takes it upon himself to be her father. â€Å"Till anybody shows they’ve a right to take her away from me,† said Marner. â€Å"The mother’s dead and I reckon it’s got no father: it’s a lone thing- and I’m a lone thing† (Eliot 679). Though he shows it in his own peculiar way, Silas takes great compassion on this homeless, parentless girl. This is the first way Silas Marner shows God’s love to Eppie. God is obviously not a â€Å"lone thing,† having existed for eternity past in perfect harmony with the Trinity. However, he does take compassion on poor, lost people. God is the Father to all who place their faith in Jesus Christ. â€Å"For you have not received a Spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you have received a Spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out, Abba! Father! The Spirit himself testifies with our Spirit that we are children of God† (NASB Ro. 8. 15-16). Silas Marner adopts Eppie and becomes her father who she can always rely on. God adopts sinners who come to him and becomes their Everlasting Father in whom they can rely. The clear correlation between the two is the first way Silas Marner reflects God’s nature and ultimately Christian ideals. As Silas has this Christ-like love for Eppie, he naturally wants to protect her and help her grow. This gives Silas a completely new outlook on his surroundings and his normal everyday life. â€Å"As some man who has a precious plant to which he would give a nurturing home†¦and asks industriously for all knowledge that will help him to satisfy the wants of the searching roots, or to guard leaf and bud from invading harm† (689). Silas’ new role is to do all he can to keep Eppie safe. Eppie is young and inexperienced and vulnerable. Silas watches out for her and keeps her away from trouble because he knows better. Jesus Christ does the same thing for believers. He protects Christians from the Devil’s schemes as well as from their own folly. The Bible often describes this relationship with the analogy of a shepherd and his flock. â€Å"Like a shepherd He will tend his flock, In his arm he will gather the lambs and carry them in His bosom; He will gently lead t he nursing ewes† (NASB Is. 40.11). Silas is gently leading his nursing ewe, Eppie. Silas, in protecting and shepherding Eppie, is portraying distinctly Christian ideals. Eppie does not do anything to gain Silas’ love and likewise she can do nothing to lose it. Before she does any of the things that Silas later comes to love, Silas loved Eppie. Silas loves her from the first night she toddled into his home. She does not earn his love, it is based on Silas’ goodness and not Eppie’s merit. That is why she cannot lose it. It does not depend on her performance. â€Å"Here was a clear case of aberration in a christened child which demanded severe treatment; but Silas, overcome with compulsive joy†¦could do nothing but snatch her up and cover her with half sobbing kisses† (687). This is such a beautiful picture of what Christ does for the believer. Eppie runs off and disobeys Silas. He tirelessly pursues her until he finally catches her. Christians likewise stray from the fold of God, but Christ pursues them and is overjoyed to find them and bring them back. â€Å"If any man has a hundred sheep and one of them has gone astray, does he not leave the 99 on the mountains and go and search for the one that is straying? If it turns out that he finds it, truly I say to you, he rejoices over it more than over 99 which have not gone astray† (NASB Mt. 18.12-13). This is how Silas feels for Eppie. Silas mirrors God with his unmerited and unconditional love for his daughter. Silas loves Eppie so much he is willing to sacrifice his happiness for her betterment.   Silas on the other hand, was again stricken in conscience and alarmed lest Godfrey’s accusation should be true- lest he should be raising his own will as an obstacle to Eppie’s good. For many movements he was mute, struggling for the self-conquest necessary to the uttering of the difficult words. They came out tremulously. â€Å"I’ll say no more. Let it be as you will. Speak to the child. I’ll hinder nothing. (714) Godfrey has now come and is asking Eppie to come live with him and his wife. Eppie is the absolute joy of Silas’ life. Even so, with those words, Silas is letting her go. He is relinquishing his daughter and his happiness that she might have a higher station in life. This is a truly sacrificial love. This again is in keeping with the Christian model Silas has been following all along. â€Å"But he was pierced through for our transgressions. He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being fell upon him and by his scourging we are healed† (NASB Is. 53.5). The greatest sacrifice of all is Jesus’ death on the cross. Obviously Silas Marner is not crucified for Eppie, but he is willing to sacrifice his entire happiness for her betterment. Silas’ small sacrifice is a shadow of the Lord’s great sacrificial love for his people and clearly Christian. Sometimes this story is thought to have too many coincidences or be too much like a fairy tale to have realistic Christian ideals, but the Bible clearly disproves this. God is in control and He has a plan for everything. There are no coincidences in His eyes. It is not a coincidence that Eppie comes to Silas’s door. Silas then honors God with love he shows Eppie and God rewards him with happiness and fulfillment. It is a lie of the Devil that happy endings are only for fairy tales. Christians know Jesus wins in the end over evil. That is the happiest ending of all. â€Å"For I know the plans that I have for you,† declares the Lord, â€Å"plans for welfare and not for calamity to give you a future and a hope† (NASB Jer. 29.11). When the Christian is trusting in God’s plan and honoring Him, he can see that Silas Marner is a great story about a man who honored God with his love. Silas Marner’s love for Eppie is adoptive, protective, unconditional, and sacrificial. This clearly reflects the Lord’s love for his own children and thus the ideals in this novel are Christian. Works Cited Eliot, George. â€Å"Silas Marner.† Adventures in Appreciation. Laurence Perrine. Ed. et al. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1973. 390-472. Print. NASB. Anaheim: Foundation Publications Inc., 1996. Print. Taylor

Article Analysis Paper: Fatal Child Abuse

Article Analysis Paper The authors Kauppi Anne, Tuji Vanamo, Kari Karkola, Juhani Merikanto that wrote â€Å"Fatal child abuse: a study of 13 cases of continuous abuse† was published on 5 January 2012. The main point that this author is trying to convey is how child abuse is active all around the world. Even though some are fatal which is rare it is still on the rise to this day. Many of the children living in those conditions could have been prevented from someone reporting the abuse but failed to do so.Many of the parents in the study knew about the battering, but because the violence of the family members hindered the other parent to put an end to the abuse. The injuries in the children were also seen in daycare or by other authorities but failed to act in time. The signs of battering was a change in the child’s behavior such as depression, withdrawal, anxiety or being absent from school or daycare. The most common injuries in abuse is skin and soft tissue.In the fat al abuses, it was most always head trauma. After fatal battering most parents do not want to take the unconscious child to the emergency room because they did not intentionally mean to kill or seriously hurt the child. In the beginning of the paper, it tells some background on the injured patients and then the results on what happened to the children and parents. Also, there is a chart that lists the age, patient, and short descriptions containing the abuse done to them.The end of the paper has a discussion about how child abuse is under reported or not looked into enough. Meanwhile, tells how important reporting it could be or how it could save an innocent child’s life. The evidence that the author has is statistics and a chart of how many children are being effected by child abuse. Also, percentages of how many children had soft tissue injuries or head trauma which is fatal. The author is trying to address this to everyone.This needs to be addressed because people often see that a child is getting abused but does not want to get involved so they do not report it. Millions of children are abused each day and no one does anything about it. Seeing that this article was only written a year ago shows everyone it is still going on today and we have not found a solution but needs to be addressed to prevent abuse as much as possible. People have been trying to prevent this for years and now child services are cracking down on these cases more often.I like this article a lot and agree with it one hundred percent. Its strength is it talks about things that are happening every day that needs to be prevented and taken care of. It also shows the risks, signs, and symptoms that happen to innocent children. I would recommend this article to someone else because this could be helpful for anyone to know the signs of child abuse or the things that could happen if it was not reported. I think this article could be useful for my research because it has a lot of statistic s I could use.

Dsm changes (ass 2 psy 5035) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dsm changes (ass 2 psy 5035) - Essay Example The medical community emphasizes that a quality diagnosis comes from objective formats and is consistently reliable. The diagnosis of ADHD seems to be reliable only if done by experienced well trained diagnosticians. These very diagnosticians are calling for stabilizing criteria being added to the DSM (Biederman & Faraone 2005). For many years, the idea that ADHD persists into adulthood has been met with varying degrees of skepticism. Thirty-five studies follow-up studies of children diagnosed with ADHD have shown that it does persist into adulthood. Symptoms ad described in the present DSM do show a decline in the severity of symptoms. By the age of 30-40, clients will no longer meet the full criteria for the diagnosis however clinically significant impairments are still noticeable. There is a noted risk in adults for the comorbitiy of personality disorders, poor occupation performance, traffic accidents, injuries and some anti-social behavior. Additional diagnostic criteria for adults is likely to be added to the diagnostic criteria and it may be broken down at the lower end as well (Biederman & Faraone 2005). More and more very young children are being put on medications. Perhaps adding age specific criteria for under seven should also be added. In many cases, clinicians have taken integrating material into their own hands by using the Connors Assessment System. It is likely in the future such integrating criteria will be included in the diagnostic criteria to provide a more objective outcome. There may be a new developmentally divided list of behaviors including reports from others that will be added (Rassmussen et.al 2004). In an effort to increase diagnostic reliability the new research can be helpful. We now have insight into differences in brain function that can be seen in brain scans. As that becomes more available and more definitive we may see such scans used for diagnosis. We also have more definitive evidence about the

Theories and Paradigms of International Business Activity Essay

Theories and Paradigms of International Business Activity - Essay Example Being a master of the ‘rules of the game’ or, more specifically, the rules in the alliances and acquisition entails an ability to navigate, solve and work around these variables otherwise the objective of globalising the organizational operations is doomed to fail. This paper will explain some of the most important variables why forging alliances or partnerships and the acquisition of foreign companies are legitimate and effective strategies. Leveraging Reputation Alliances and acquisition are tools for companies to leverage their brand and their reputation (Kotler and Pfoertsch, 2006, pp.255). For example, when Lenovo acquired IBM’s personal computer (PC) business, the organization was able to enhance its reputation, establishing its own global brand in the process. IBM is a global leader in the technology industry and its products such as the ThinkPad laptop series, enterprise technologies, and other patented technologies are popular the world over and equated w ith quality, premium branding and innovation (Gupta, Wakayama and Rangan, 2012, pp.195). This is explained by the theoretical model called â€Å"springboarding†. The idea is that for companies to effectively expand overseas, it is necessary to design a strategy that is typified by activities that can capitalize on the reputation of others in order to compensate for its absence in the organization, its products and its global brand. It is equivalent to the concept of exporting of goods through â€Å"piggybacking† or taking advantage of the â€Å"carrier†, in order to successfully enter a market, survive in it and claim sizable market share (Gilligan and Hird, 1986, pp.103). â€Å"Springboarding† or â€Å"piggybacking† work during an acquisition and is also achieved when forging alliances with established companies in a location that the organization intends to penetrate. This strategy is more important for companies located in non-traditional FDI co untries. The reason is that these economies do not have well developed institutions as well as a viable domestic market necessary to support an outward expansion. China has recognized this dilemma especially when it took into consideration the fact that it lags behind major global economic players in terms of outward FDI (Taylor 2002 and Zhang and Filippov 2009). What distinguished the country from other non-traditional investing states is the manner by which the country aggressively pursued a policy of internationalisation for its national firms (Bell 2008, pp.254). Favorable business, political and financial landscapes, featuring state support, has lead to a conducive environment that fosters the growth of MNCs. Other developing economies do not have this advantage. That is why there is huge opportunity for MNCs coming from these countries because the strategy allows the high degree of exploitation of the ownership-specific competitive advantages in foreign countries (Luo and Tung , 2007, pp.485). When Lenovo started expanding in Japan, its market share was estimated to be around 5 percent but when the forged an alliance with the Japanese firm NEC, which commenced in January of 2011, the figures

Employee Motivation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Motivation - Assignment Example ly the monetary ones are resources that are highly desirable to the employees and in order to attain these resources employees try to meet the expectations of the managers. If an employee is work hard and meeting all his objectives and is increasing the productivity of the organization, then he/she should be provided with benefits in consistency with his work. If he/she is not provided with equitable benefits then he/she may perceive that his hard work is of low value in the eyes of the management and that is why the management is giving them lower benefits as compared to the benefits that are being offered to other employees. Managers need to make employees feel that whatever work they do is essential for the organization in order to motivate them to work hard on those tasks. One way of making employees feel that the work that they are doing is significant is by giving them higher benefits. This is because higher benefits will make the employee feel that he is being offered these be nefits because his work is valuable and the organization is paying him more in order to retain his services and do not want him to

Denver International airport Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Denver International airport - Research Paper Example However, there are some conspiracies surrounding the airport. It is claimed that Denver International was built by the Illuminati as the control center for the global extermination that will initiate the New World Order (Anomalies-unlimited, n.d.). These conspiracies also claim that DIA has fewer runways compared to the old Stapleton International Airport, and despite widespread protests, it was built and opened in 1995, thus reducing Denvers capacity. It is said to have up to 8 levels of underground facilities, and workers there refuse to give details about their work and what they do. They claim that electromagnetic pulse, resulting from the experiments conducted in these basements lead to the shattering of fourteen commercial aircrafts in 2007. The airport is fenced by barbed wire, with an inward angle, to keep people in, unlike other airports. The runways are placed in the shape of a swastika from a bird’s eye view (Anomalies-unlimited, n.d.). Indoors, the airport gets stranger with the Illuminati appearing to have displayed their plans for worldwide extermination and a New World Order in two large paintings and the Mayan symbol for 2012 presiding over all. On the floor close to the paintings "Au Ag" is written, which is said to be the abbreviation for a deadly toxin Australia Antigen, and markedly the Illuminatis weapon of choice to achieve the extermination. Furthermore, strange words in an unknown language are inscribed on the floors. And finally, the Queen of England, another supposed Illuminatus, has been covertly and secretly buying up the property near the airport (Anomalies-unlimited, n.d.). If we do a little research, then all these conspiracies can be explained logically and proven wrong. The old Stapleton Airport was in the middle of the city. It was 65 years old and was a constant nuisance due to noise. It had only three runways, 10,000 foot each, whereas Denver International has

U08a1 Galaxies Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U08a1 Galaxies Review - Coursework Example The gravitational influence of mass contained within an orbit of a particular size determines the speed (and therefore period) of that orbit. So by measuring the period and size of the orbit, we can determine the mass inside the orbit. This is one method you can use to determine the mass of Jupiter (by looking at the orbits of its moons). Mathematically, the expression for the mass enclosed within an orbit of radius r is M = v2r/G, where G is Newton's gravitational constant and v is the orbital speed of a star at distance r. This concept works equally well for the orbits of stars and gas within spiral galaxies. By looking at the mass inside the orbit of stars or gas at different distances from the center of the galaxy, the mass of a galaxy as a function of radial distance from the center can be obtained from the rotation curve of the galaxy. 7. What are cosmic rays, and where are they thought to come from? Cosmic Rays are extremely high energy charged particles (usually protons) that travel the Universe at nearly the speed of light. Most galactic cosmic rays are probably accelerated in the blast waves of supernova remnants. This doesn't mean that the supernova explosion itself gets the particles up to these speeds. The remnants of the explosions, expanding clouds of gas and magnetic field, can last for thousands of years, and this is where cosmic rays are accelerated. Bouncing back and forth in the magnetic field of the remnant randomly lets some of the particles gain energy, and become cosmic rays. Eventually they build up enough speed that the remnant can no longer contain them, and they escape into the Galaxy. Because the cosmic rays eventually escape the supernova remnant, they can only be accelerated up to a certain maximum energy, which depends upon the size of the acceleration region and the magnetic field strength. 11. How do we know that spiral arms do not rotate like giant pinwheels? What makes spiral arms bright? Spiral arms are regions of stars that extend from the center of spiral and barred spiral galaxies. These long, thin regions resemble a spiral and thus give spiral galaxies their name. Either way, spiral arms contain a great many young, blue stars (due to the high mass density and the high rate of star formation), which make the arms so remarkable. We know that the spiral arms cannot rotate like pinwheels around the center of the galaxy because the inner stars would finish several orbits while the outer stars complete one. This would wind the spiral pattern up, which we do not see. The arms appear bright because of the enhanced star formation in them. The bright, bluer stars in particular make the arms bright since these stars do not live long and so die before spreading far from the arm in which they formed. Therefore spiral arms are bright because they contain many short-lived blue stars that shine for only a few million years. 21. The carbon in my diamond ring was once part of an interstellar dust grain. The carbon i n my diamond ring was once part of an interstellar dust grain. This statement is sensible. Much of the carbon in the interstellar medium is in the form of dust grains, so the carbon in the interstellar cloud out of which the Earth formed must also have been largely in the form of dust grains. 36. We measure the mass of the black hole at the galactic center from (a) the orbits of stars in the galactic cente

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example From these, the variable cost per unit is obtainable. The graph shows that the distribution of machine hours whose correlation with total costs incurred yields the least of effects on the total costs comparing all the variables involved. The correlation between machine hours and total cost is 0.2 whose relationship is less positive (Duchac, Reeve and Warren 754). Considering the relationship between total costs of production and the direct labor hours, the relationship is more positive. Interpreting this shows that there is a highly positive relationship between the two variables. The correlation coefficient here stands at 0.72, which is the highest. It reveals that a change in the number of direct labor hours will have great effect on the total costs of the manufacturing process. Duchac, Reeve and Warren (754) suggest that due to this, reduction of labor hours will yield a reduction in total cost of production that may yield higher profits. The third variable looks at the relationship between the total numbers of units produced in relation to the total costs incurred. The relationship is positive and correlation gives a 0.67 result. It shows that the total cost increase would yield an increase in the level of units produced. According to Duchac, Reeve and Warren (754), the relationship here shows the least positive of correlation. The relationship relates with the relevant range widely based on the period taken. Relative range represents the range within which a given price or cost holds true. The least square method is advantageous in that it includes all the data observed and tries to identify the line of best fit. The line helps to determine the variable and fixed cost proportion. The disadvantage of this method lies in its complication of the process because it considers all the observations presented. Under regression analysis, the following formula is vital. This aims at

An evaluation of dramatised advertising as used in Lan Chocolate Essay

An evaluation of dramatised advertising as used in Lan Chocolate - Essay Example Individuals and organizations in their purpose to promote goods, services, ideas, people, and issues use advertising . In light of this, Coca-Cola used a public-relations driven campaign in relaunching its Sprite brand through a fifty-city sampling tour. This is an illustration of how important advertising is in reaching far places and peoples and integrating them into one consuming populace.The advertising function may be equated to the creation and management of product imagery, which is the establishment of the set of meanings and associations that serve to differentiate a product or service (Reynolds and Gutman, 1984). Hence, one must consider defining and operationalising image in order to move beyond the basic posture that brand images add value to products. Image, as employed in advertisements, may be described as general characteristics, feelings, or impressions, product perception, beliefs and attitudes, brand personality, and linkages between characteristics and feelings/em otions.The importance of advertising is seen in the outcomes it produces for many products and organizations. It continues to be an indispensable necessity for product branding and marketing campaign. Effectiveness through consistency of the product and how far the advertising schemes have reached people and places determine the popularity of the product, usually resulting in good sales, good product perception, and consistent patronization. This is why all forms of mass media must be utilized by product owners in advertising their products. Different kinds of practical promotional plans must also be adopted in ensuring this. Dramatisation is one promotional plan that is proven both effective and attention grabbing. That is why many advertisers think of a sure-fire way to adopt a dramatised concept in their advertisements. This paper intends to evaluate this promotional strategy of the LAN chocolate. The purpose for such evaluation is to improve the advertisement in order that the chocolate will rake more sales, popularity, and profitability. An Evaluation of Dramatisation as Used in Advertising the LAN Chocolate Television ads are classified as either arguments or drama, or hybrids of these forms, influencing greatly how advertisements are processed (Deighton, et al., 1989). Appeal to objectivity is what is backed up by arguments, often evaluatively processed, while dramatisation appeals more to subjective criteria and is emphatically processed. When the drama is successful, the audience tends to be 'lost' in the story, emphatically experiencing the feelings and concerns of the characters (Deighton, et al., 1989). Dramatisation may serve as a transition between what the maker wants to say about his product and what the consumer intends to read about it (Sloan and Mooney, 2007). The focus of this form of advertising is to establish an identity and winning the public over to the product's point of view. Dramatisation s designed to create a favorable image for a certain product, which in this case is the LAN chocolate. The dramatization of the LAN chocolate is conceptualised this way: "Two men enter a grocery store for some shopping stuff. There were also two girls doing some shopping. One of the girls caught the attention of one of the guys, but she isn't interested. Just then, he looks at the chocolate LAN and thinks of giving it to her as a gift. She, out of coincidence, also buys the same chocolate. This reinforces the guy's confidence and gives the LAN

Problems Related to Internet Addiction on Children Essay Example for Free

Problems Related to Internet Addiction on Children Essay Internet could be considered as one of the best useful technological invention of our time. One can find every kind of information which s/he looks for on the internet. Because it is very useful, it is used by almost everybody especially by young people. Sometimes using internet too much may cause a serious problem named â€Å"internet addiction†, which affects mostly children. Internet addiction is a serious problem affecting especially children in two possible ways. Firstly addiction to internet influences children negatively regarding their socialisation. Children are affected by internet addiction because it takes too much time. For example, children who spend too much time with computer can not spend enough time with their family. They can not have fun enough with their family. So they evaluate a weak relationship with their family. In addition, spending too much time with computer instead of reading books may cause a weak talking skill. Moreover, not playing classical children games might affect children’s socialisation. Children who spend time with computer instead of playing classical children games with their friends because of internet addiction will probably have weak social relationships in future. Having good childhood friends is vital for having a good adulthood social life. Also, they can not learn how to struggle with real people outside because of lack of playing classical children games. It may cause being unsuccessful in their work life in future. Secondly, using too much internet might contribute to psychological problems in children. Overuse may cause increasing desire to use internet related to insufficient joy. Children addicted to internet can not get the same joy with their first internet using. The jot decreases day by day. They increase their daily internet using time in order to reach the same joy with the joy which they get previous day. Overuse may also cause being aggressive and anxious when being kept away from internet for a long time. These symptoms may even turn into symptoms of depression. Furthermore, children addicted to internet could become not to able to differentiate real life from online life. They may be extremely happy when they reach a higher level in an online game. They do not care about as much as they care about online games. They also identify themselves with virtual characters in online games. To sum up, internet addiction may cause two possible problems on which are related to their socialisation and psychology. Children should be protected from internet addiction in order to be raised as a healthy generation. Parents should make their children attend real activities (such as scouting). They also should limit their children’s internet using time.

Love is Love and Nothing Less Essay Example for Free

Love is Love and Nothing Less Essay In reflecting on my life as a child, adolescent, and adult, I have experienced love and lack of love on many occasions in the relationships I’ve experienced with others. To me, love is something that is present or is not present and cannot be split into various differing forms. I have never met the perfect, most ideal person who has loved me unconditionally, unendingly, and without interruption. The closest I’ve come to the ideal love has been through my religion, my spirituality, in my faithful relationship with God and Jesus Christ. However, even in this relationship, I have had my doubts, even if Jesus Christ, God, has never had them, so in this case as well, love has been interrupted. However, many of my relationships have incorporated loving actions, and it saddens me to recall the situations when love has been absent and hatred has crept into its place. Robert Sternberg has an interesting theory in regard to his attempt to separate out love and dissect it into varying forms, however, it is obvious that he often misses the mark in regard to what love means. The two categories which I consider to be rational evaluations of the presence or lack of presence of love are Sternberg’s two categories of nonlove and consummate love. To me, it’s always either one or the other, and one cannot assume to have a portion of love but not really, as if love has a grey area. In assuming that love has a grey or midrange area, one has to admit believing that badness mixes with good or that right and wrong are somehow united in a mesh of reality, however, in my opinion, good and good and bad is bad, wrong and right are separate, and ethics has to assume a position in regard to defining a loving way of being or loving action. Sternberg assumes that liking someone is only intimacy, devoid of passion and commitment, and in my opinion, this is illogical, as many loving relations with other people who I’ve considered friends or strangers, people who I’ve liked, have contained passion and commitment as well. Loving actions are filled with many aspects, and liking a person includes love, passion, commitment, respect, kindness, and many other values. To like someone most certainly includes having passion and commitment towards this other person. If we as a community and culture don’t have passion, commitment, and intimacy towards all members, then something is surely going wrong. Perhaps Sternberg is trying to imply that relationships with one’s spouse or family members are in some ways different from other relationships? If this is so, then he should focus on the unique attributes of playing the role of wife, son, father, or friend, and not focus on attempting to separate love into differing categories. The way one loves a person may vary, but love itself is constant. The idea that infatuation, fatuousness, or emptiness has anything to do with love is also unreasonable. How can love itself incorporate anything negative? Obsession, falsity, and voidance are certainly not aspects of love, passion, intimacy, or commitment. Has there ever been a time when being loving and kind to another person has incorporated elements of negativity? In and of itself, love is positive. It raises people up and makes them feel wonderful. In Sternberg’s attempt to triangulate love into three arenas, intimacy, passion, and commitment, he attempts to inject love with a poison of hatred or malevolence. If love is always good natured and good acting, then love cannot be split apart. People may, at times, at many times, cease to treat one another lovingly, cease to demonstrate the goods of intimacy, passion, and commitment, but that is simply the fault of the person and not an aspect of love itself. It is refreshing that Sternberg categorizes some of his love categories positively and not negatively, such as liking, romantic, companionate, and consummate, however this does not adequately explain or do justice to the fact that his other four supposed categories of love, nonlove, infatuated, empty, and fatuous are negatively termed. In my opinion, nonloving, infatuated, empty, and fatuous ways of behaving are part of hatred or evil and absent of love. If love is the right action in the right time and place with the right person, then love is fully good and absent of any mistakes. When Sternberg attempts to justify a divorce by claiming that the reason for the divorce is that one or both of the partners were loving one another, just loving one another differently, then he has certainly fallen prone to bad logic (Sternberg, 331). A divorce or a split is never caused by love, but rather by hateful or wrong actions by one person against another. It may be difficult to voice and communicate these wrong actions, however, a split, a lack of love, cannot be caused by love itself, but rather only by its absence. Although love shown towards one person or another may by expressed differently from one situation and person to the next, love itself is never aversive, yet rather uniting. The only culprit of divorce is the person behaving in nonloving ways. Sandelands very adequately states that the business of business is the human person. Everything that people do, everything that people were created by God to do, involves the spirit of the human person. Anyone believing that actions are just actions, that business is just business, devoid of the human person, has lost touch with the meaning of the high moral element of right action (93). In my own life, there have certainly been times when I acted in unloving ways towards other people, when I was empty of goodwill, false in my intentions. I remember lying to my mother, hurting my sisters, screaming at my father. My past boyfriends were often disgusted by my lack of fidelity. My daughter and husband are equally reviled by my bad manners when I overeat or eat sloppily. However, I also thankfully know that I have exuded love towards others. My father, mother, and sisters enjoyed it when I created a restaurant at home and cooked for everyone. My past boyfriends were often amused by my sense of humor in playfully lightening the moment. The caresses and kind words I offer to my husband and daughter are filled with benevolence, peace, and goodwill. It is in the interests of the whole of society to recognize that â€Å"caring as a virtue and an act of ethics is †¦ a natural †¦ point of view inseparably related to love as a universal †¦ value† (Arman Rehnfeldt, 4). When a person decides to love another person, any other person, then one consciously decides to do well towards another person and to not do badly toward another person. The sense that there is any type of human inaction proves false the fact that the universe is in constant motion. Every act or ceasing to act is directly related to cause and effect and can be categorized as fruitful or harmful. Although my mother may believe that being silent towards me is effectively loving and appropriate, I may believe that she does not love me. However, if I change my point of view and see that she is simply being silent and loving me by doing so, we come into agreement with one another and I cease to be negatively resistant to her goodwill. Also, if I loudly kiss my husband and he believes that I’m being sarcastic or hateful towards him, then I may very well be being sarcastic toward him in my actions. However, if I am aiming to love him in my kiss, then he himself is being paranoid for believing that I am not. We human beings are such sensitive creatures and it is often difficult to recognize and show love, however, the clear definition of love as a positive, ethical, valuable, and universal presence is vital in being able to correctly identify, demonstrate, and evoke loving actions. Erikson, a leader in the study of psychosocial human development, believes that people moving through the stage of young adulthood will pass through a phase of either attaining intimacy with a romantic partner or a friend or failing to achieve intimacy and becoming isolated (Goodman Mukulincer, 396). Although intimacy is important throughout the entire life of a person, perhaps it is good to note that young adulthood is primarily the time when people are selecting romantic partners and mates. Despite the fact that people from about puberty onwards toward death may seek romance with another person, many people on the search for romance are indeed young adults. However, it is very important, as in the case with Sternberg’s theory, not to box people in too much. Erickson’s ideas about intimacy and other issues related to life development are valid and worthy of consideration, but human beings crave and need intimacy from birth until death. Romantic love may be a special kind of love involving sexuality and more physical and deep interaction, reserved for one’s mate and life partner, however, love in general is necessary for every person, from conception until natural death. It would be good for people to open their hearts and minds up to the constancy of love and to make it a personal life goal or a life decision to work on demonstrating true self giving loving acts to everyone around them. Even though love may look different in varying situations between varying people, the underlying genuine goodwill is always there, love as a purposeful gift of positive and uplifting interaction. References Arman, M. Rehnsfeldt, A. (2006). The Presence of Love in Ethical Caring. Nursing Forum 41(1), 4-12. Goodman, G. Mikulincer, M. (2006). Dynamics of romantic love: attachment, caregiving, and sex. Guilford Press. Sandelands, L. (2009). The Business of Business is the Human Person: Lessons from the Catholic Social Tradition. Journal of Business Ethics 85, 93-101. Sternberg, R. Triangulating Love. The Altruism Reader, 331-333.

Environmental Change and Infectious Diseases Relationship

Environmental Change and Infectious Diseases Relationship Changes in the natural environment through human activities will have broad impacts on global health and human habitation. The links between rapid environmental change and novel pathogens suggest we are entering a new transition in the history of emerging infectious disease. Scientists, however, have not reached consensus regarding an increase of emerging infectious diseases under the broad conditions of environmental change and climate change. This is an area of intense scientific scrutiny. An emerging infectious disease [EID] is one that that has newly appeared in a population or that has been known for some time but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Familiar examples include Influenza, E. coli, HIV, SARS, Tuberculosis, Dengue Fever, West Nile Virus, but there are many others. Influenza is the most common. This bibliographic essay focuses on the emergence of novel pathogens, highlighting areas of scientific agreement as well as controversy. These selections can serve as a guide for the informed general reader as well as for health professionals. They draw from international books, articles and websites that provide the most engaging histories, authoritative sources, and current information. The themes in this essay begin with broad topics and become increasing more specific. These EID themes include: Microbes through History; Past Pandemics; Zoonoses focus on Avian Influenza; Ecological Factors; Links to Climate Change; Public Health Preparedness Strategies; Impacts on National Security; and Strategies for the Future. Emerging Infectious Disease Microbes through History The first known texts related to infectious disease were part of the Hippocratic corpus written in the fourth and third centuries B.C.E. Airs, Waters, Places was on environmental health and On Epidemics contains descriptions of contagious and other diseases of public health importance during the ancient period. These texts appear in Hippocratic Writings, edited by G.E.R. Lloyd. The epidemiological transition model describes the changing relationship between humans and their diseases. Based on this model, the first transition occurred with the shift to agriculture about 10,000 YBP, resulting in a pattern of infectious diseases still evident today. In The Changing Disease-Scape in the Third Epidemiological Transition, Kristin Harper and George Armelagos, medical anthropologists, propose that during the last two centuries, some populations have undergone a second transition with a decline in infectious disease and rise in degenerative disease. The authors maintain that we are now in a third epidemiological transition, in which a resurgence of familiar infections is accompanied by an array of novel diseases, all of which have the potential to spread rapidly. Several books and articles are appropriate for historians and medical researchers. Lois Magner, a distinguished medical historian, produced a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the development of medical microbiology. In A History of Infectious Diseases and the Microbial World, the author places modern infectious diseases within their historical context, and highlights the links between disease and social, cultural, political, and economic factors. In Deadly Companions: How Microbes Shaped our History, Dorothy Crawford combines tales of epidemics with science and history. Crawford is Professor of Medical Microbiology at the University of Edinburgh. She reveals how microbes have evolved with humans over the millennia, shaping civilizations through infection, disease, and pandemic. In Conquest of Epidemic Disease: a Chapter in the History of Ideas, Charles-Edward Amory Winslow traces the human understanding of the causes and control of epidemic communicable diseases. Winslow had a rich knowledge of public health, history, and philosophy. According to Joshua Lederberg, molecular biologist and Nobel Prize winner, the success of the wonder drugs of the 1950s led many to believe that the war on microbes had been fought and won, but the emergence of new infectious agents shattered that illusion. Infectious History is a very engaging global history of the cohabitation of humanity and microbes. Ultimate survival, Lederberg suggests, may require humans to embrace a more microbial point of view, in which microbes and their human hosts constitute a superorganism. In a related argument, the Mirage of Health: Utopias, Progress, and Biological Change by Renà © J. Dubos emphasizes that the process of living cannot be separated from the disease process. The book is primarily concerned with the limitations of medicine in the search for the solution of health problems. Dubos, a microbiologist and environmentalist, argues that humankind should not ignore the dynamic process of adaptation to a constantly changing environment that ever y living organism must face. A. J. McMichael, a notable expert on the environment and emerging infectious disease, reports similar conclusions in Environmental and Social Influences on Emerging Infectious Diseases: Past, Present and Future. McMichael urges that humankind come to terms with the fact that microbial species help to make up the interdependent system of life on Earth. He claims that humans and microbes are engaged in amoral, self-interested, co-evolutionary struggle. Pandemics from the Past There are several books on pandemic disease that would appeal to historians and medical professionals. Historians Tamara Giles-Vernick and Susan Craddock edited Influenza and Public Health, an investigation of past influenza pandemics with insights into possible transmission patterns, experiences, mistakes, and interventions. It explores several pandemics over the past century including the infamous 1918 Spanish Influenza, the avian flu epidemic of 2003, and the novel H1N1 pandemic of 2009. In Dread: How Fear and Fantasy have Fueled Epidemics from the Black Death to Avian Flu by Philip Alcabes a writer and professor of Urban Public Health, writes in an engaging style with comprehensive literary, historical and medical references. For readers interested in the history of great plagues and pandemics, there are a number of recommended books. John H. Powells Bring out Your Dead: The Great Plague of Yellow Fever in Philadelphia in 1793 is a historical account of the impact of a yellow fever epidemic that claimed the lives of over 10 percent of the population of Philadelphia and caused its virtual evacuation. Plagues and Peoples by historian William H. McNeill provides an account of the impact of epidemic diseases on the rise and fall of civilizations. Laurie Garretts The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World out of Balance is an engaging survey of new and emerging infections the chapter on future history is especially good. There is a bit of good news among the gloom. Scientists from the National Institute of Health (David Morens, Jeffery Taubenberger, and Anthony Fauci) suggest that successive pandemics generally appear to be decreasing in severity over time. This reflects viral evolution that favors optimal transmissibility with minimal pathogenicity. However, the scientists suggest it is important to understand in greater depth the determinants and dynamics of the pandemic era in which we live. In related research, NIH researchers reported in the New England Journal of Medicine (Miller et al.) that the signature features of past pandemics can help health authorities prioritize national strategies and provide aid to international collaborators. Zoonoses Case Study in Avian Influenza The incidence and frequency of epidemic transmission of zoonotic diseases, both known and newly recognized, has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. It is thought that this dramatic disease emergence is primarily the result of the social, demographic, and environmental transformation that has occurred globally. Most human pathogens also circulate in animals or originate in nonhuman hosts. Influenza is a classic example of a zoonotic infection that transmits from animals to humans. Smith et al., scientists from the Georgia Institute of Ecology, report that infectious agents specific to humans are broadly and uniformly distributed, whereas zoonotic infectious agents are far more localized in their geographical distribution. These results have critical implications for public-health policy and future research pathways of infectious disease ecology. As reported in Epidemic Dynamics at the Human-Animal Interface. Lloyd-Smith et al., maintain that understanding zoonoses requires a new generation of models that addresses a broader set of pathogen life histories and integrates across scientific disciplines. Outbreaks of pathogenic avian influenza have been relatively uncommon around the world in the last 50 years with limited spread within a country or region. There is one major exception, Asian lineage H5N1 that was first identified in 1996. According to David Suarez, a researcher with the U.S.D.A., this lineage of virus has spread to over 60 countries and has become endemic in poultry in at least four countries. As reported in Avian influenza: our current Understanding, this virus represents a public health threat, with some infected humans having severe disease and a high case fatality rate. Suarez maintains that it is a difficult disease to control because of its highly infectious nature and the interface of domestic and wild animals. Influenza surveillance in wild birds has established that the aquatic birds of the world are the source of influenza A viruses, which occasionally spread to domestic avian species and to mammals, including humans. In Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance and Wild Birds: Past and Present, Scott Krauss and Robert Webster report that much more attention has been given to understanding the ecology of influenza in wild aquatic birds. Robert Webster has been cited in over 400 articles on the influenza virus, particularly its link to wild birds. At Qinghai Lake in China, migrating birds are being tracked by satellite, part of a series of investigations that began after highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1 subtype) first swept the region in 2005. The studies are attempting to pinpoint the viral reservoir and the role that wild birds play in transmission. L. Jiao reports results in In Chinas Backcountry, Tracking Lethal Bird Flu that no reservoir for the virus has yet been found, but transmission routes have come into clearer focus. However, in another scientific report, New Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Wild Birds, Qinghai, China, scientist Yanbing Li reports that in 2010 the virus mutated into yet another viral subtype. This occurred in a wetland region very close to Qinghai Lake. This increases concerns about a potential pandemic and the likelihood that avian influenza virus will again spread and continue to increase its genetic diversity. Scientists stress that determining movements of wild birds from Qinghai Lake is essential to track H5N1. Wallenstein et al. investigated the transmission of H5N1 among people who had unprotected contact with infected wild mute swans in Dorset, England. Results in No evidence of transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza to humans after unprotected contact with infected wild swans reveal that no evidence of transmission of H5N1 to humans was found. The incident provided a rare opportunity to study the direct transmissibility of the virus from wild birds to humans. Emerging Infectious Disease Ecological Phenomena Ecological approaches to the understanding of health and disease have a long history. The links between the environment and health are complex and can occur over long time scales that obscure those connections. Emerging zoonotic diseases have assumed increasing importance in both public and animal health, as the last few years have seen a steady increase of new cases, each emerging from an unsuspected geographic area and causing serious problems, often leading to mortalities among animals and humans. Investigating these pathogens as ecological phenomena can provide insights into why these pathogens have jumped species. In a highly recommended article by Samuel Myers and Jonathan Patz, Emerging Threats to Humans from Global Environmental Change, the scientists assert that changes to the natural environment are all accelerating with increased exposure to infectious disease. The authors maintain that these threats represent the greatest public health challenge humanity has faced. In Environmental Determinants of Infectious Disease, Joseph Eisenburg concludes that emerging and re-emerging pathogens have their origin in environmental change. However, in Causal Inference in Disease Ecology: Investigating Ecological Drivers of Disease Emergence, Raina Plowright maintains that few studies have rigorously analyzed the underlying environmental drivers of disease emergence. As an expert on ecological drivers of disease, Plowright reports that ecological change and disease emerge from complex, large-scale processes that are not amenable to traditional approaches to causal inference. Emerging Infectious Disease Links to Climate Change Paul Epstein of Harvard School of Public Health and been sounding the warning bell on climate change and infectious disease for over 10 years. In Climate Change and Emerging Infectious Disease he presented a theory that deforestation and climatic volatility are a potent combination creating conditions conducive to disease emergence and spread. In Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Effects of Eco-Climate Change: The Medical Response, Colin Butler and David Harley propose that the primary effects of climate change to global health include the acute and chronic stress of heat waves, and trauma from increased fires and flooding. Secondary signs are indirect, such as an altered distribution of vectors, intermediate hosts and pathogens. More severe future health consequences of climate change are classified here as tertiary effects: famine, war and significant population displacement. There is near unanimous scientific consensus that greenhouse gas emissions generated by human activity will change Earths climate. Yet, there is little hard evidence that recent global warming has already affected some health outcomes. Researchers, A.J. McMichael, Rosalie Woodruff, and Simon Hales, suggest in Climate Change and human health: present and future risks, that anticipation of adverse health effects will strengthen the case for pre-emptive policies and guide priorities for planned adaptive strategies. In a related argument in Climate Change and Infectious Disease in North America: the Road Ahead, researchers Amy Greer, Victoria Ng and David Fisman recommend that the best defense against increases in infectious disease related to climate change lies in strengthening existing public health infrastructure. In Biodiversity Loss Affects Global Disease Ecology, Montira J. Pongsiri et al. propose that climate change is a phenomenon that will require a biogeographic perspective to predict its affect on global disease. Currently, biogeography and disease ecology are disciplinary communities with little overlap. Not all scientists agree on climate change and emerging infectious disease. In The Ecology of Climate Change and Infectious Disease, Kevin Lafferty claims that although the globe is significantly warmer than it was a century ago, there is little evidence that climate change has favored infectious diseases. Lafferty reports that recent models predict range shifts in disease distributions, with little net increase in area. Researchers Bruce Wilcox and Duane Gubler link demographic and societal factors to land use, land cover change, and ecological factors to disease emergence in Disease Ecology and the Global Emergence of Zoonotic Pathogens. They report that the scale and magnitude of these changes are more significant than those associated with climate change, the effects of which are largely not yet understood. Joshua Rosenthal of the National Institutes of Health reports that the ability to predict the effects of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases is in its infancy. In Climate Change and the geographic distribution of Infectious Disease, the authors report that there are conflicting predictions. Emerging Infectious Disease and Public Health Preparedness In a 2010 report, Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World, David Relman and the Institute of Medicine report that infectious diseases (pre-pandemic stage) now emerge more frequently, spread greater distances, pass more easily between humans and animals, and evolve into new and more virulent strains. Literature from the U.S. Institute of Medicine intended for clinicians, researchers, and public policy makers includes The Impact of globalization on infectious disease emergence and control exploring the consequences and opportunities by Stacey Knobler. Keith Fukuda and The World Health Organization released Ethical considerations developing a public health response to pandemic influenza. A product of expert international opinion, this publication is intended for public health and pandemic influenza preparedness activities at the national level. In Communicating about Emerging Infectious Disease: the Importance of Research, Bev Holmes reviews risk communication strategies for e merging infectious diseases. In The Generic Biothreat, Or, How we became Unprepared, sociologist Andrew Lakoff argues that over the course of the past three decades, a new way of thinking about the threat of infectious disease has coalesced. The problem of infectious disease is no longer only one of prevention, but one of preparedness. Jonathan D. Moreno, professor of Medical Ethics, wrote In the Wake of Terror: Medicine and the Morality in a Time of Crisis, a book intended for public health policymakers. He maintains that responses to bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases of the twenty-first century are destined to overwhelm the public health system. Emerging Infectious Disease and National Security In Contagion and Chaos, Andrew Price-Smith offers an examination of disease through the lens of national security. This book will be of interest to political scientists and those in public health and medicine as it highlights the interdependence between political science and public health. The author stresses that the association between the health of a population and perception of national security is ancient but largely forgotten. He argues that epidemic disease represents a direct threat to the power of a state, eroding prosperity and destabilizing both its internal politics and its relationships with other states. The danger of an infectious pathogen to national security depends on lethality, transmissability, fear, and economic damage. The author maintains that warfare and ecological change contribute to the spread of disease and act as disease amplifiers. Strategies for the Future There are several valuable data collection tools and collaboration networks in existence. To be useful, data must assist in the effort to identify population-based strategies for pandemics. Advance knowledge of which subpopulations are most likely at increased risk can lead to quicker public health response and disease control. Lessons from the past would suggest that public health preparedness include human health surveillance that is integrated with monitoring of climate and other environmental conditions that favor emerging infectious disease. In an important work by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Jeremy Hess, Josephine Mililay and Alan Parkinson), scientists considered the ways in which the concept of place the sense of human relationship with particular environments will play a key role in motivating, developing, and deploying an effective public health response. In Climate Change: the Importance of Place, they highlight the concepts of community resilience and risk management, key aspects of a robust response to climate change in public health and other sectors. Mark Woolhouse, faculty at University of Edinburgh in infectious disease epidemiology, reports in Emerging Diseases go Global that novel human infections continue to appear all over the world, but the risk is higher in some regions than others. Identification of emerging-disease hotspots will help target surveillance work. In Global trends in emerging infectious diseases, Kate E. Jones et al. provide a basis for identifying regions where new EIDs are most likely to originate (emerging disease hotspots). Currently, they claim that global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated the majority of the surveillance effort is focused on countries from where the next important EID is least likely to originate. John Brownstein, a medical informatics researcher, reports that the existing network of disease surveillance efforts managed by public health institutes has wide gaps in geographic coverage and often suffers from poor and sometimes suppressed information flow across national borders. In Surveillance Sans Frontieres: Internet Based Emerging Infectious Disease Intelligence and HealthMap project, Brownstein reports that valuable information about infectious diseases is found in internet-accessible information sources such as discussion sites and disease reporting networks. These data must be studied in depth, including false reports and reporting bias. Yet, this information holds potential to provide complementary epidemic intelligence context. This potential is already being realized, as a majority of outbreak verifications currently conducted by the World Health Organizations Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network are triggered by reports from these nontraditional sources. Conclusions It is clear that there is a relationship between environmental change and infectious disease, but these links are disease and location specific. Thus, the direct impact on human health is still unclear. Climate change may increase the prevalence of particular infectious diseases in some regions, while decreasing the prevalence in others. Many factors can affect emerging infectious disease, and some of these factors may overshadow the effects of climate. The potential health impacts underscore the need to reinforce response systems for infectious disease outbreaks, including public health preparedness and the capacity necessary to mount effective responses. There is no natural analog to the rapid increases of human-induced environmental changes that are emerging in the 21st century. The links between rapid environmental change and novel pathogens suggest we are entering a new transition in the history of emerging infectious disease.

Rodolfo :: essays research papers

The Three Wise Men. I remember growing up for part of my child hood living in Mexico City. I was about 4 years old when I moved to Mexico to live close to my grand parents and other relatives. In Mexico City there is a fairy tale tradition that is still practice these days. The fairy tale tradition is that of (Los Tres Reyes Magos) The Three Wise Men or also known as The Three Wise Kings. Their names are Melchor, Gaspar, and Baltazar and they ride on camels, Gaspar is the black wise man and they speak all languages because they are universal. The date is January 6th, when the three wise men come to your house and bring gifts for you. The only requirements are that you have to be a child, have to be sleeping the night of January 6th when they come to drop of your gifts and the last requirement is that you have to believe in them in order for them come. My parents would tell me about them, the three wise men would come to my house to bring me gifts, the night of January 6th if I was sleeping. I had to be under good behavior in order for them to come and bring me gifts or else they wouldn’t bring me nothing because the three wise men knew if you were good or bad. The gifts that the wise men bring are toys, clothing, school supply, shoes, bikes, and other stuff for the children. My parents told my brother and I about the wise men and what they do. My brother and I believed our parents because we were kids and why would your parents lie to us. My brother and I weren’t the only ones that believed in the three wise men, there are still kids that are young enough to believe in them these days, in Mexico City. The three wise men are magical because they can shrink small to the size that they can enter your residence through a small crack or small opening for example like the small space under a door. They are magical because they can shrink their size or they can turn themselves into light balls and enter your house through a window like regular light would go though a clear glass window. You would have to be sleeping and would have had to leave them one of your shoes or a shoe that belongs to you with the list of what you wanted inside the shoe.

Music Analogy :: essays research papers

â€Å"The final years of the 1970’s saw the emergence of a new style of pop music that would continue in popularity into the early 1980’s. This music was known, by its fans at that time, as New Wave† (http://www.erols.com/alloyd/adam2.htm). â€Å"New Wave† had a particular style that utilized the synthesizer as a main instrument. The synthesizer was a machine that electronically produced music. It gave a certain artificial and metallic feel to the music. The Cure and Erasure, bands formed during that period of time, were some of the bands that implemented the synthesizer into their music. Though both bands fit into the category of â€Å"New Wave† the feel of their music is somewhat different. To explain the difference I would have to analyze their songs. Two examples of their music that I will analyze are â€Å"Friday I’m in Love† by The Cure and â€Å"Always† by Erasure. The song â€Å"Friday I’m in Love† by The Cure had a 4/4 meter. The song began with a pickup by the guitar and led into a backbeat by the drums. The synthesizer played a continuous riff providing the â€Å"tinging† artificial sound and there’s also bass in the background. There were also sounds towards the end of the song that sounded a lot like the â€Å"theramin.† The beat subdivisions seemed to be triplets because the song seemed to swing and the other subdivisions didn’t match. The correct sequence and lengths of the sections in this particular song can be best labeled as I8+8 A8 B8 C6 B8 Solo8 B8 C6 D8+8 A8 B8 Solo8 Solo8. The labels A and B are to distinguish the two different verses, the label C stands for the chorus and the label D symbolized the new section (the bridge). The vocals within this song have a deeper and a more wailing kind of voice than that of the band Erasure. The song â€Å"Always† from Erasure also had a 4/4 meter, but unlike The Cure the song did not start out with a pickup and instead of the guitar the song began with the synthesizer. There didn’t seem to be any other distinguishable instruments besides the synthesizer and the drum, though I did seem to hear the use of the theramin for the eerie effect. There were also these clicking sounds, but I’m assuming the synthesizer made it. The groove of this song was more harmonized and brings to mind the music of the early Beatles. The subdivisions of this song were 8th notes. The sequence and lengths of the sections for this song can be labeled as I8 V8+8 C8+4 V8+8 C8+4 CFADE. The label V symbolizes the verse of the song and

Free College Admissions Essay :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions: Essay for Stanford    As the beast ran rampant through the streets, I couldn't help but wonder if my work had been for naught. Trying to salvage any remains, I chased my dog from the room and stared at the havoc left in his wake. The city lay in ruins; the buildings were razed. The prospect of beginning from scratch was ponderous, but I instantly welcomed the challenge. With patience and determination, I began returning the small plastic bricks into their former glory; and then greater glory. Block by block I rebuilt my cities and block-by-block they built me. From these Legos I learned valuable lessons in versatility, creativity, and tenacity.    The sheer vastness of possibilities that Legos present is both intimidating and exhilarating. The colorful blocks lay strewn about in no particular pattern and no particular order. From this chaos virtually anything can be created. As a child I gradually learned not to be intimidated by the endless possibilities but to embrace them, to relish the opportunity to create something from nothing.    A preschool teacher recommended holding me back one year. Because I preferred the challenge of Legos to running about with the other children on the playground, she believed that I was socially and psychologically unprepared for school. Little did she realize that the creativity these blocks taught me became a cornerstone for the rest of my life. The seemingly insurmountable challenges gave me confidence and taught me to value cooperation. Watching my Lego edifices grow slowly but surely skyward taught me patience. Watching them fall again taught me the tenacity to continue onwards. Remembering how each task was created piece by piece allowed me to, line by line, memorize the works of history's greatest playwrights. I was able to join MEChA and help lead the Latino community as co-president, arranging events with our two hundred members. My organizational skills were further utilized as the commissioner of elections. Legos also taught me to help others and to ask for their help. I realized that with the creativity another person at my disposal, we could build things we had never even dreamed of on our own. During my senior year of High School I was introduced to crew. I was enthralled by the rhythmic grace of the sport. My dreams soon had me breathing the early morning air nearly flying over the surface of the water.

“the Rapid Expansion of International Financial Market Since Early 1980s Have Integrated the World Economy”. Discuss.

â€Å"The rapid expansion of international financial market since early 1980s have integrated the world economy†. Discuss. The international financial system is a structure of markets within which organizations and individuals trade to support economic commitments made across national borders where buyers and sellers participate in the trade of assets such as equities, bonds, currencies and derivatives. Financial markets are typically defined by having transparent pricing, basic regulations on trading, costs and fees and market forces determining the prices of securities that trade.The international financial market expands rapidly including money and derivatives since early 1980s. The increased integration of financial systems has involved greater cross-border capital flows, tighter links among financial markets, and greater presence of foreign financial firms around the world. The expansion in international financial market also means that establishment and expansion of inte rnational investment banks/ firms such as Crosby, Morgan Stanley, JP Morgan, UBS, Franklin, Templeton, Barney & Smith, Union Bank in Swiss etc.Such firms created varieties of investment fund such as hedge fund and mutual trusts. The expansion of such investment funds has enhanced volume of foreign policy initiative (FPI) in the world economy. The role of short term (mainly portfolio capital) increased in world economy. Capital in the international financial market can be classified into two types, which is short-term Intra-Bank Loan, which maturity less than one year and portfolio investment (investment in money, bond, stock and derivatives). Mobility of these investment very high, outflow and inflow very fast.Besides that, volume of short-term capital mobility (STC) also increased dramatically in the world economy. Currency used in trading in international capital market which dominated by industrial/rich nations are in US Dollar (US$), DM/Euro and Yen. US dollar is the main vehicl e currency used in the market (above 55%). There are few reasons why STC/FPI dominated international economy. The first factor is elimination of capital and currency controls or liberalisation of capital account of Balance of Payments. This has stimulated inflow of STC to international capital market including capital market in developing countries, i. emerging economies. Next, technology development information increases the rapid development of international market and the speed of transaction in the market. The technology enables a deal done within a minute. Furthermore, no international financial and architecture (IFA) to supervise or control movement of portfolio capital including activities and expansion of financial institutions is another determinant of domination of STC/FPI in the economy. The rapid expansion of financial market is due to parity established at Bretton Woods in 1960s this crisis marked the breakdown of the system.An attempt to revive the fixed exchange rates failed, and by March 1973 the major currencies began to float against each other. The speculative pressure force closure of international foreign exchange markets for nearly two weeks, the market reopen on floating rate for major industrial countries. The Jamaica Agreement by IMF further legalizes the floating exchange system and increased the role of US currency in international economy. As a result, gold is demonetize as a reserve asset, the role of US$ in international economy increased thereafter.International financial market factors enable expanding and creation of various instruments or product of financial market including derivative (swaps, option, future, forward). At the same time, many countries have encouraged inflows of capital by dismantling restrictions and controls on capital outflows, deregulating domestic financial markets, liberalizing restrictions on foreign direct investment, and improving their economic environment and prospects through the introduction of ma rket-oriented reforms The rapid expansion of international financial markets had brought several impacts to the world economy.International financial market indirectly integrated. The rapid expansion of international financial market will lead to volatility in most of financial products/ portfolios such as currency, interest rate, equities are larger. Moreover, the speed of trading will become very fast and in large scale. For example the new money fueled a level of inflation never before seen in modern Mexico; the inflation rate eventually surpassed 100 percent annually. The administration chose to ignore warning signs of inflation and opted instead to increase spending.Apart from that, movement of asset prices may relate to â€Å"herding behavior†, irrational behavior of investors and caused contagion in the markets. Contagion refers to the transmission of a currency crisis throughout a region. Contagion effect of international financial markets is more severe and fast than to commodity markets. In addition, if crisis emerged in major markets it spread quickly to other regions. For instance, any shocks to financial sector in developed countries let say New York Stock Exchange drop will affect or bring other stock bourses around the world.Furthermore, transmission from the financial market to the real sector will be affected subsequently. The expansion of financial markets have bring benefits which are rapid spreading of technological advances, financial innovation as well as, more generally, financial performance to the various parts of the globe. In a global financial market, technological advances in payment, settlement and trading systems as well as in financial information systems can be made available to all market participants instantaneously.And advances in financial technology such as trades and other derivatives have made it possible to take advantage of many new financing opportunities. Reductions in the â€Å"costs of transport and transmi ssion of data† as well as the cost of acquiring, processing and storing information have played a significant role in furthering the process of globalization. Besides that, the expansions of financial market will led financial institutions compete with each other to provide benefits to the domestic financial market.The bigger, more robust the market, the more attractive it will be to competitors. There are still many competitors large enough to attempt to secure a prominent position in the market, though the identity of these competitors has changed considerably over time. Therefore, in open financial markets the entry of foreign financial institutions into domestic financial markets can bring sizeable benefits, as increased competition can help to enhance efficiency in the financial sector. In conclusion, a new global economic and financial system is evolving at a rapid pace right before our eyes.Financial integration has given access to world capital markets to more people, providing for a better allocation of savings and investment as well as more and sophisticated instruments to better manage risks. At the same time, however, it has also brought new global challenges. It can be overcome in two dimensions: on the internal side, by strengthening its macroeconomic fundamentals and continually revising its legal and regulatory frameworks; and, on the external side, by adopting a more active role within the global community of central banks, regulators and other uthorities to improve the international financial architecture. References: Stijn Claessens and Sergio L. Schmukler. (2007). IMF Working Paper: International Financial Integration through Equity Markets: Which Firms from Which Countries Go Global? Retrieved from http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07138. pdf Otmar Issing. (2000). The globalisation of financial markets. Retrieved, from http://www. ecb. int/press/key/date/2000/html/sp000912_2. en. html Fukao. M and Hanazaki. M.Internatio nalisation of Financial Markets and The Allocation of Capital. Retrieved from www. oecd. org/dataoecd/21/19/35589290. pdf Roy C. S. Globalisation of Financial Market. Chapter 1: Integration of World Financial Markets: Past, Present, and Future. Retrieved from http://media. wiley. com/product_data/excerpt/10/04712292/0471229210. pdf Rodrigo, d, R. (2007) International Monetary fund. Economic Growth and Financial Market Development: A Strengthening Integration. Retrievedfrom http://www. imf. org/external/np/speeches/2007/082207. htm

Nature Imagery in Othello

Nature imagery in Othello There are quite a few imageries about nature in the book written by William Shakespeare named Othello, were the two male leads named Iago and Othello are the ones who use them the most, Iago talks about how people are gardens also how easy it is to manipulate other peoples garden and he also uses poisonous plants to explain how much harm he has done, while Othello talks about how flowers represent his wife and how they die once they are plucked just like his lover for her.Iago in one of his most famous speeches in the book while having a conversation with Roderigo â€Å"Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners: so that if we will plant nettles, or sow lettuce [†¦] either to have it sterile with idleness, or manured with industry, why, the power and corrigible authority of this lies in our wills. † He uses imagery to explain that people and he are gardens, the things we do and think are what we plant in it, it also takes ti me to take care of it you need to have patience and plant everything, people can manipulate it and it’s up to us to take care of it.He also says this during another conversation with Roderigo â€Å"Though other things grow fair against the sun, / Yet fruits that blossom first will first be ripe† which goes back to referring to his garden, that even after he plants multiple things the first thing he plants will always come first, which refers to Othello and the revenge Iago wants from him after taking the spot he has been working on since he started and he just came in and snatched it from him. The last imagery used by Iago says â€Å"The Moor already changes with my poison. Dangerous conceits are in their natures poisons, / . . . / . . . Not poppy nor mandragora / Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world / Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep† He is saying that he has corrupted Othello so much that not even poppy or mandragora/mandrake, mandrake was used t o cleanse the body, could heal him from all the corruption he has put in Othello. â€Å"O thou weed,/ Who art so lovely fair and smell’st so sweet/ That the sense aches at thee, would thou hadst ne'er been born! Othello compares Desdemona with a weed since he has been deceived by Iago making him think that Desdemona cheated on him with Cassio and since he thinks this way about Desdemona now he decided to compare her to a weed that is so beautiful when in reality it’s the opposite and know that Othello knows the â€Å"real† Desdemona she will now wish she was never born since Othello is going to get revenge from all the â€Å"wrongs† she did to him.On the last scene where Othello kills Desdemona he comes to her chamber and sees her sleeping, he tells her â€Å"When I have plucked thy rose/ I cannot give it vital growth again,/ It must needs wither† What Othello means is that after he kills her there is no going back, he uses a rose that once that r ose is plucked it starts to slowly die and there is no way for the rose to stop from dying which is what is happening here.This can also signify the love that he has lost for Desdemona since she cheated on him with Cassio, when Othello plucked Desdemona’s love from his heart and it can never grow back again, since he doesn’t want for her to do this again he decides to kill her just like a flower will die from being plucked.The night that Desdemona was going to be murdered by Othello she sang the willow song â€Å"The poor soul sat sighing by a sycamore tree, Sing all a green willow: Her hand on her bosom, her head on her knee, Sing willow, willow, willow: The fresh streams ran by her, and murmur'd her moans; Sing willow, willow, willow; Her salt tears fell from her, and soften'd the stones; Lay by these:– Sing willow, willow, willow; Prithee, hie thee; he'll come anon:– Sing all a green willow must be my garland. Let nobody blame him; his scorn approve,- Nay, that's not next. -Hark! who is't that knocks? † Willow trees are often associated with mourning and grief, which is why they are often called weeping willow, which fits perfectly to what Desdemona is feeling. Desdemona singing this song reflects how she is feeling about Othello, even though she is being accused for something that isn’t true she doesn’t say that he is wrong, even when she knows that he is, she goes along with what he says because she loves him so much, even though it hurts her to be thought like that by the love of her life.When I first read the book Othello, I didn’t pay attention to the references about nature that William Shakespeare used in this particular text, after reading it and getting this assignment I decided to go back and re-read it on my own. After reading the book I noticed that the main characters used plants to explain what they were feeling or going through, for someone to be able to understand and catch on to all of this one needed to be very oriented in nature.

Microscale Techniques Essay

1. NaOH is a very corrosive chemical and contact with it can cause burns to body tissue and possible eye damage. Can irriate the lungs and can cause permanent lung damage. also contact with water can generate enought heat to ignite combustibles. 2. In your own words, briefly explain the terms below. Copied answers will receive zero points. a. equilibrium state When a chemical reaction is equal. when the products and reactients are at equal rates b. the effect of formation of a complex  a complex is a term used to describe a substance compused of two other substances.When pushing two substances together they can form a complex which is usually weaker than a regular chemical bond 3. A student is studying the equilibrium represented by the equation 2CrO42-(aq, yellow) + 2H3O+(aq) ↠ Cr2O72-(aq, orange) + 3H2O(l) → The mixture obtained by the student is yellow. a. Describe the color change the student should observe after adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to the equilibrium mixture. A) Adding acid causes the mixture to become more orange. As H3O+ ion concentration increases, the system converts some of the H3O+ ion to water and dichromate ions. The additional dichromate ion causes the mixture to appear more orange than before. b. Describe the color change the student should observe after adding solid sodium chromate to the equilibrium mixture. (HINT: when sodium chromate is dissolved in water, it dissociates into ions.) D) Adding solid sodium chromate causes the mixture to become more orange. As it dissolves, the chromate ion increases and CrO4 -2 ion is converted to dichromate ions. The dichromate ion concentration increases, so the mixture appears more orange. c. Describe the color change the student should observe after adding excess sodium hydroxide to the equilibrium mixture in (b). Briefly explain your answer in terms of Le Chà ¢telier’s principle, similar to the answers that were provided earlier in this problem. No change the solution will remain yellow. In Le Chà ¢telier’s principle it talks about how when stress is put on a reaction the reaction shift to relieve the stress. So when we add more of a reaction or product the reaction will shift to use it up, and shift away from added species. d. Write a net ionic equation to support your answer in (c). 1 H3O + (aq) + 1 OH – (aq) → 2 H2O (l) 4. a. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium should shift when you add sodium sulfate solution to the mixture in well A1. Explain why. B) The equilibrium will shift to the left. The system wants to lower the concentration of the sulfate ion, which can be done consuming some of the added sulfate ion and thus shifting the equilibrium to the reactant side. b. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium should shift when you add solid sodium hydrogen sulfate solution to the mixture in well A3. Explain why. C) The equilibrium will shift to the right. The system wants to lower the concentration of the hydrogen sulfate ion, which can be done by consuming some of the added hydrogen sulfate ion and shifting the equilibrium to the product side. c. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium should shift when you add concentrated hydrochloric acid to the mixture in well C1. Explain why. A) The equilibrium will shift to the right. The added acid reacts with hydroxide ions to form water, thus reducing the hydroxide ion concentration. The system responds by converting solid magnesium hydroxide to aqueous magnesium hydroxide. d. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium should shift when you add Na4EDTA solution to the mixture in well C2. to the right Explain why. EDTA purpuse to bind metal cations. So by adding this we reduce the concentration of Mg+2 ions, but we are also adding more OH- ions, and that means that the concentration of OH- ions is decreasing. e. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium should shift when your TA adds water to the hexaaquacobalt(II) ion mixture. Explain why. D) The equilibrium should shift to the right. The system lowers the concentration of the water by consuming some of the added water to form the hexahydrate complex, thus shifting the equilibrium to the product side.

Kerja Kursus Addmath

Not forgotten my parent's for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise, purport which are the most needed for this project. Internet, books, computers and all that. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it. Beside that My father teacher at SMS Mat Kills , Kanata Pang, Tn HAJJ Mood Rosalie bin Seine for sharing ideas to ensure our task will finish completely. Then I would like to thank my teacher, for guiding me and my friends throughout this project.We had some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. She tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work.. Last but not least, my friends who were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had OBJECTIVES The aims of carrying out this project wo rk are: to apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems. To improve thinking skills. To promote effective mathematical communication. O develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving that increases students' interest and confidence. In a way to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely. O provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning. To develop positive attitude towards mathematics INTRODUCTION As a student who takes Additional Mathematics in SUMP, I am required to carry out a project work. This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared two tasks for me.I need to choose one project based on my interest. This project can be done in groups or individually but the students are required to submit an individually written report. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, we are able to gain valuable experiences and able to: Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and non- routine problems; -Experience classroom environment which are challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills. Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems -Experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected -Experience classroom environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning.Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing; and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely -Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving -Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace -Realizes that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems hence develop positive att itude towards mathematics. Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, doctorate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment Use technology especially the CIT appropriately and effectively -Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become imperative and innovative -Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics Part 1 Index numbers 1) An index number is a number that can be used to show changes in magnitude of a quantity over a specific period of time. ) The specific period over which the changes occurred is called the base time. The base usually equals to 100 and thus the index number is usually expressed as a percentage, but the % sign is not usually written. 3) The formula for calculating index of a quantity, I is: Index number, IQ x 100 CO where CO = quantity at base time, IQ = quantity at a specific time. 4) If the index number is 125, it indicates that there is a +25 points or 25% rise of the quantity from base time to the specific time. ) Conversely, if the index number is 97, it indicates that there is a -3 points or 3% fall of the quantity from base time to the specific time. U. S Consumer Price Index – Food and Beverage (it) Weight Weight is common word used in Asia. The meaning for weight is a weighting factor assigned to compensate for perceived advantage or a weight factor or ratio; eight. Weight can also be defined as the importance or value when compared with another thing An example for its usage is: â€Å"The admission holds 80% weight while the interview holds 20% weight of the admission process†.In a nutshell, weight can also be said as stake. Composite Index Composite index is a grouping of equities, indexes and other factors combined in a standardized way, providing a useful statistical measure of overall market or sector performance over time. 1) Unlike index number the index numbers and involves two or more quantities. 2) The weight is the alee or quantity assigned to each item. This terms provide the importance or significance of each quantity. ) The formula of composite index is: Composite index, where = index number for item , = the corresponding weight for item Composite index can also be defined as a group of indices combined to measure the overall price of an item over a period of time. For instance, we can take a look at the price of root canal in the year 2013 based on the year 2010. A composite index may also be used in the natural or social sciences to summarize complex or multidimensional data or redundant measures.Usually, a composite index has a large number of factors which are averaged together to form a product representative of an overall market or sector. For example, the Nasdaq Composite index is a market capitalization-weighted grouping of approximately 5,000 stocks listed on the Nasdaq market. These indexes are useful tools for measuring and tracking price level changes to an entire stock mark et or sector. Therefore, they provide a useful benchmark against which to measure an investor's portfolio. The goal of a well-diversified portfolio is usually to outperform the main composite indexes (b) .Ways of Weight Representations Weight in a set of data can be represented in certain ways. 2) Pie 3) Percentage 4) Ratio part 2 1) Bar Chart We often hear complaints from the public about inflation. It causes an increase in the household expenditure in a family. So what is inflation and how does it affect us in our life? Basically, as citizens, we do get affected as it increases our household expenditure. With that, it will certainly cause problem to low-income families as their expenditure increase but at the same time, their monthly income remains the same.But on the other hand, the capitalists will sure benefit from this situation as they are owners of these large corporations which conduct these businesses. The parties who will be least affected are the middle-class people and the super-rich citizens, I. E. The millionaires. Technically, inflation is caused by the price increase of certain items from time to time. In this part we're going to make a case study on my family household expenditure to investigate this so called â€Å"inflation†